Phaeographis arthonioides (Vainio) Zahlbr. - Overview
Phaeographis arthonioides is a species of lichenized fungi that belongs to the family Graphidaceae. It has several common names such as Ribbed Graphis Lichen and Ribbon Lichen. The plant is primarily found in North America, especially in eastern and central regions, as well as in Europe.
Appearance
The thallus of Phaeographis arthonioides is characterized by several grayish to brownish-white flat lobes that are divided into several linear or ribbon-like segments. The surface of the thallus is usually smooth, except for a few raised ridges on the lobe surface. The lobes can grow up to 2 cm long and 0.5 cm wide. The underside of the thallus is typically black with a few white rhizines that attach it to the substrate.
Uses
Phaeographis arthonioides is not utilized for medicinal purposes. However, it has several uses such as an indicator of air quality, as well as an environmental bioindicator of atmospheric pollution. It is quick to absorb and retain pollutants from the environment, making it useful for identifying high levels of air pollution.
It also plays a significant role in the ecosystem by acting as a primary producer, creating a habitat for various organisms such as insects and spiders. It is also utilized as fodder by grazing animals, although its nutritional content can vary depending on the substrate it grows on.
In conclusion, Phaeographis arthonioides is a fascinating lichenized fungi species that plays a critical role in the environment. Its unique ribbon-like segments make it easy to identify, and it is widely distributed in North America and Europe. Its ability to absorb pollutants makes it a useful bioindicator of atmospheric pollution, making it an essential environmental monitor.
Light Requirements
Phaeographis arthonioides grows best in partially shaded to shaded areas. It thrives in low to moderate light conditions and should be kept away from direct sunlight. Excessive exposure to sunlight can cause damage to the leaves and stunts growth.
Temperature Requirements
The ideal temperature range for Phaeographis arthonioides growth is between 16-28°C. This plant should be kept in temperatures that remain consistent, as sudden changes can cause stress and negative impacts on the plant's overall health. Extreme temperatures can cause the plant to wither and die.
Soil Requirements
Phaeographis arthonioides grows well in moist, well-draining soil. It requires a soil pH range of 5.0 to 7.5 and should be kept in soil that is rich in organic matter. Excessive watering or poorly draining soil can lead to root rot, while insufficient water may cause the leaves to wilt and dry out.
Cultivation Methods
The Phaeographis arthonioides plant is best grown in a shaded and humid environment. It can be grown either in pots or in hanging baskets. The plant can be grown indoors in a conservatory or greenhouse. The plant requires higher humidity than other common indoor plants and will thrive if you have a humidifier that can be set to at least 60-80%. It requires a cool temperature with no direct sunlight and moderate temperatures.
Watering Needs
The Phaeographis arthonioides plant requires moderate watering, and it is essential to keep the soil moist all the time. The plant prefers rainwater or distilled water because tap water may contain high concentrations of fluoride or chlorine that can affect the plant's growth adversely. During the winter season, the plant requires a reduction in watering, which can be done by watering it once a week. In contrast, during the growing season, it requires frequent watering, which can be done by watering it every day.
Fertilization
The Phaeographis arthonioides plant requires regular feeding with liquid fertilizers during the summer months. The best time to fertilize the plant is during its growing stage. The fertilizer must be applied every two to three weeks to help the plant maintain its growth and appearance. Over-fertilization must be avoided because it can lead to the plant's death, and it is recommended to use weakly diluted fertilizers instead.
Pruning
The Phaeographis arthonioides plant requires minimal pruning. It is essential to remove any dead, yellow or discoloured leaves as soon as possible to avoid any fungal diseases. The plant does not require any pruning for shape as it will maintain its shape and size naturally. If the plant becomes too leggy, it can be pruned back to encourage new growth. The best time to prune the plant is during the winter season.
Propagation of Phaeographis arthonioides (Vainio) Zahlbr.
Propagation of Phaeographis arthonioides can be done by two common methods: asexual and sexual.
Asexual propagation
The asexual propagation of Phaeographis arthonioides can be done using vegetative propagation. This method involves taking stem cuttings or leaf cuttings from the parent plant and planting them in suitable conditions for growth. Although this method takes longer than sexual reproduction, it is more reliable as the genetic makeup of the offspring is identical to that of the parent. Furthermore, by asexual propagation, the desirable traits such as rapid growth and disease resistance of the parent plant can be retained.
Sexual propagation
Sexual propagation of Phaeographis arthonioides involves seed propagation. The plant produces fruit containing seeds that can be collected once they are mature. The seeds are then planted in a suitable medium that provides adequate moisture, warmth, and nutrients for germination. However, this method may not produce offspring with the exact genetic makeup of the parent plant due to genetic variation and mutation.
Propagation plays an essential role in the cultivation of Phaeographis arthonioides. By choosing the right propagation method and providing the plant with suitable conditions, growers can ensure successful reproduction and growth of this species.
Disease Management:
Phaeographis arthonioides is not known to be prone to any specific diseases, although it can occasionally fall victim to foliar fungal infections. To minimize the risk of fungal and bacterial problems, growers should ensure that the plant is grown in well-draining soil and provide proper air circulation. Any diseased or dead plant material should be removed and destroyed immediately, and all equipment used on these plants should be sterilized before and after use.
Pest Management:
The most common pests that can affect Phaeographis arthonioides are spider mites, scale insects and mealybugs. Spider mites can be controlled by keeping the foliage moist and regularly cleaning it with a damp cloth. Scale insects and mealybugs can be removed by hand or with the help of a horticultural oil, which suffocates them. If the infestation is severe, insecticidal soap or neem oil can also be used to control pests. Growers should also make sure that any newly acquired plants are inspected and quarantined for pests before being introduced to a collection to prevent the spread of pests.
