Overview
Asplenium platyneuron (L.) B.S.P. var. bacculum-rubrum, also known as ebony spleenwort, is a species of fern belonging to the genus Asplenium. This plant is native to North America and widely distributed in the eastern and central regions of the continent. It is a small evergreen fern that is generally grown for its ornamental value and medicinal properties.
General Appearance
Ebony spleenwort is a small fern that measures around 8-24 inches in height. The plant features glossy, dark, and lance-shaped fronds that grow from a central rosette. The fronds are pinnately divided and have a leathery texture. The stipe or the leaf stalk of the fronds is dark brown or black, which makes it easy to identify the plant. The plant is a perennial and spreads through its rhizomes. It likes to thrive in wet soils and can adapt to different growing conditions.
Common Names
Ebony spleenwort has several common names, including black spleenwort, ebony spleenwort, and dusky spleenwort. The name "spleenwort" comes from the old belief that the ferns were used to treat spleen problems.
Uses
Ebony spleenwort has several uses, both medicinal and ornamental. The plant has antioxidant and antiseptic properties and is used to treat various ailments such as fever, cough, and indigestion. The plant was widely used in traditional medicine by many Native American tribes. The fronds of the plant are also used in floral arrangements and as an ornamental plant in gardens. Due to its small size, ebony spleenwort is often used in rock gardens, ferneries, and as a groundcover plant.
Growth Conditions for Asplenium platyneuron var. bacculum-rubrum
Light: Asplenium platyneuron var. bacculum-rubrum grows best in partial to full shade conditions. Exposure to direct sunlight can damage the leaves and cause wilting.
Temperature: This plant species thrives in temperate climates, between 60-75 °F (15-24 °C). The optimal temperature range for growth is 70-75 °F (21-24 °C). Temperatures below 50 °F (10 °C) can hinder its growth, as the plant may become dormant.
Soil: Asplenium platyneuron var. bacculum-rubrum prefers moist, well-drained soils that are rich in organic matter. The ideal soil pH range is slightly acidic to neutral (5.5-7.0). The addition of mulch or leaf litter can help retain moisture and organic matter in the soil.
Water: This plant requires frequent watering to maintain moist soil, especially during periods of drought. However, stagnant water around the roots can lead to root rot and other fungal diseases. It is important to ensure proper drainage when planting Asplenium platyneuron var. bacculum-rubrum.
Humidity: Asplenium platyneuron var. bacculum-rubrum prefers moderate to high humidity levels. Providing regular misting or placing a tray of water near the plants can help increase humidity levels.
Nutrition: This plant benefits from regular fertilization with a balanced, all-purpose fertilizer. Application once a month during the growing season can provide adequate nutrition for optimal growth.
Cultivation Methods
Asplenium platyneuron (L.) B.S.P. var. bacculum-rubrum, commonly known as ebony spleenwort, can be easily grown in the garden or indoor containers. It prefers well-drained, moist soil that is neutral to slightly acidic. The plant thrives in partial shade to full shade, making it an ideal option for a woodland garden or shady spot in the yard.
The ebony spleenwort is cold hardy and can withstand frost and snow. It is ideal for growing in USDA hardiness zones 5 through 8. In regions with hot summers, the plant requires protection from hot, afternoon sun.
Watering Needs
Asplenium platyneuron requires consistent moisture levels to grow well. The soil should be kept evenly moist, but not waterlogged. The plant can tolerate short periods of drought, but extended dry spells can lead to yellowing and leaf drop.
To maintain appropriate levels of moisture, it's best to water the plants deeply once a week. In hot, dry regions, it may be necessary to water more frequently. However, overwatering the plant can lead to root rot and other fungal diseases.
Fertilization
Ebony spleenwort typically does not require a lot of fertilization. However, to keep the plant growing healthily, feed it with a balanced, slow-release fertilizer once or twice per growing season. Avoid applying fertilizer during the winter months when the plant is dormant.
Too much fertilizer can damage the plant, so follow the package instructions carefully and apply the fertilizer sparingly.
Pruning
Ebony spleenwort does not require extensive pruning, but occasional maintenance pruning can help to maintain its shape and size. Prune the plant in early spring or late winter before new growth appears.
To prune the plant, remove any dead, damaged, or yellowing fronds. Use sharp, sterile pruning shears to avoid injuring the plant. Avoid cutting back the main frond as this can stunt the growth of the plant.
Propagation of Asplenium platyneuron var. bacculum-rubrum
Asplenium platyneuron var. bacculum-rubrum (Featherman) Fern. can be propagated through spores or division.
Propagation by spores
To propagate this variety through spores, the fronds with mature sori should be collected. The spores can be shaken off onto a sterile potting mix and covered with a plastic bag to maintain humidity. The pot should be placed in a bright and warm location. The spores will germinate and develop into small gametophytes, which will eventually grow into mature plants.
Propagation by division
Another way to propagate this plant variety is through rhizome division. The adult plant should be carefully removed from the soil and the rhizomes should be gently separated. The separated rhizomes, each with several fronds and roots, can be potted in suitable growing conditions. It is recommended to water the new plants immediately after potting and to keep them in a shaded location for the first few weeks until new growth appears.
Disease Management
Asplenium platyneuron var. bacculum-rubrum is relatively resistant to diseases, but some fungal diseases may affect the plant.
One common disease that can affect Asplenium platyneuron var. bacculum-rubrum is Anthracnose, a fungal disease that causes brown or black spots on the leaves. To manage this disease, it is important to remove and destroy infected leaves, improve air circulation around the plant, and avoid watering the leaves.
Another fungal disease that may affect this plant is Rust, which causes yellow or orange spots on the leaves. To manage this disease, it is important to remove and destroy infected leaves, maintain good air circulation around the plant, and avoid overhead watering.
Pest Management
Asplenium platyneuron var. bacculum-rubrum is relatively resistant to pests, but some insects may affect the plant.
One common pest that can affect this plant is the Scale insect, which feeds on the sap of the leaves, causing yellowing, stunted growth, and wilting. To manage this pest, it is important to remove and destroy heavily infested leaves, prune affected branches, and apply insecticidal soap or neem oil.
Another pest that may affect this plant is the Aphid, which feeds on the sap of the leaves, causing yellowing and stunted growth. To manage this pest, it is important to prune affected branches, wash the leaves with a strong jet of water, and apply insecticidal soap or neem oil.
