Overview
Geophila obvallata (Schumach.) Didr. subsp. involucrata (Hiern) Verdc. is a flowering herbaceous plant that belongs to the Rubiaceae family. This plant is native to Africa and is commonly found in countries such as Cameroon, Nigeria, and Ghana.
Common Names
Geophila obvallata (Schumach.) Didr. subsp. involucrata (Hiern) Verdc. is commonly referred to as "Akoko" in Nigeria and "Nkutha" in Cameroon.
Appearance
Geophila obvallata (Schumach.) Didr. subsp. involucrata (Hiern) Verdc. is a small, perennial plant that grows up to 30cm tall. The leaves of this plant are opposite, elliptic or ovate, and measure 1-8cm long and 0.5-4cm wide. The flowers are small, white or pinkish, and are born in axillary clusters. The fruit is a capsule that is 4-6mm long, oblong-ellipsoid, and contains numerous small seeds.
Uses
Geophila obvallata (Schumach.) Didr. subsp. involucrata (Hiern) Verdc. has various medicinal uses. In Nigeria, the leaves of this plant are used to treat several ailments such as stomach disorders, fever, and diarrhea. The roots are commonly used to treat infertility and sexually transmitted infections. In Cameroon, the plant is used to treat wounds, as well as cough and respiratory problems.
Light Requirements
The Geophila obvallata subsp. involucrata thrives well in partial to full shade conditions. It requires some exposure to sunlight but is sensitive to high-intensity light as this could cause damage to its leaves and stems. For optimal growth and development, the plant should be kept under shaded conditions with a light intensity of about 100 – 200 µmol m?2 s?1.
Temperature Requirements
The plant prefers warm and humid conditions. It thrives well in tropical and subtropical regions, where temperatures range between 20 and 30 °C. The plant requires a minimum temperature of 15 °C to grow adequately. To prevent damage to the leaves, it is advisable to keep the plant away from cold draughts.
Soil Requirements
The Geophila obvallata subsp. involucrata prefers well-draining soil with high water-holding capacity. The soil should be rich in organic matter, with a pH range of 5 – 7. The plant thrives in moist soil conditions, but waterlogged soils should be avoided. To promote healthy root development, it is recommended to add slow-release fertilizers during planting.
Cultivation
The Geophila obvallata (Schumach.) Didr. subsp. involucrata (Hiern) Verdc. is primarily cultivated using stem cuttings. The cuttings should be taken in spring or early summer and should be around 5-6 inches long. These cuttings should then be dipped in rooting hormone before planting them in a well-draining potting mix.
Watering Needs
The Geophila obvallata (Schumach.) Didr. subsp. involucrata (Hiern) Verdc. requires regular watering, especially during the growing season. The soil should always be kept moist but not waterlogged. It is essential to ensure that the soil doesn't dry out completely between watering sessions. During the winter season, the watering frequency should be reduced.
Fertilization
Fertilization is essential in the cultivation of Geophila obvallata (Schumach.) Didr. subsp. involucrata (Hiern) Verdc. During the growing phase, it is recommended to use a fertilizer that is rich in nitrogen and potassium as this will help promote healthy foliage growth and flower production. It is recommended to fertilize the plant every four to six weeks using a water-soluble fertilizer. During the winter season, fertilization should be reduced.
Pruning
Pruning is essential for the Geophila obvallata (Schumach.) Didr. subsp. involucrata (Hiern) Verdc. plant as it ensures healthy growth and encourages bushier foliage. Pruning should be done in the spring season, and it is recommended to cut back any leggy or weak stems. Trimming off the tips of the plant can also help to maintain a compact shape.
Propagation of Geophila obvallata (Schumach.) Didr. subsp. involucrata (Hiern) Verdc.
Geophila obvallata (Schumach.) Didr. subsp. involucrata (Hiern) Verdc., commonly known as Spotted Rattlesnake Root, is a species of flowering plant that is native to Africa. This herbaceous plant grows in dry, rocky areas and prefers well-drained soils with moderate moisture levels. Propagation of this plant can be done through various methods that are relatively easy and straightforward.
Seed Propagation
Geophila obvallata can be propagated through seed. The best time to harvest the seeds is during summer when the seed pods are mature and dry. Collect the seeds and remove the chaff using a sieve, then sow them in trays filled with well-draining soil. Cover the seeds with a thin layer of soil and keep the soil moist until the seeds germinate. Once the seedlings are large enough to handle, transplant them to individual pots.
Stem Cutting Propagation
Propagation of Geophila obvallata can also be done through stem cuttings. Take cuttings from the tips of healthy stem sections. Dip the cut ends in a rooting hormone to promote root growth, then place them in a well-draining potting mix. Keep the soil moist and place the cuttings in a warm, bright location, but away from direct sunlight. The cuttings should root in 3 to 4 weeks.
Division Propagation
Geophila obvallata can also be propagated through division. To do this, dig up the plant and gently separate the roots and plant sections into smaller sections. Replant the smaller sections in well-drained soil, keep the soil moist, and place them in a warm, brightly lit location. The new plants should establish themselves in a few weeks.
Disease Management
Geophila obvallata subsp. involucrata is relatively resistant to pest and disease attacks. However, there are a few diseases that can affect this plant.
Anthracnose: This fungal disease can cause spotting or browning of leaves. To manage this disease, ensure proper plant spacing, prune off affected leaves and avoid overhead watering. Application of fungicides can also help to manage anthracnose.
Root Rot: Poor drainage and overwatering can cause root rot in Geophila obvallata subsp. involucrata. To prevent root rot, ensure proper drainage, avoid overwatering, and remove any standing water. Fungicides can also help manage the disease.
Pest Management
The following pests can affect Geophila obvallata subsp. involucrata:
Spider Mites: These pests feed on the sap of the plant, causing yellowing and wilting of leaves. To manage spider mites, spray the plant with insecticidal soap or neem oil. Increasing humidity levels around the plant can also help to control spider mites.
Aphids: These pests suck the sap of the plant, causing leaf curling and stunted growth. To manage aphids, spray the plant with a strong jet of water or use insecticidal soap. Encouraging the presence of natural predators such as ladybugs can also help to control aphids.
Caterpillars: These pests can chew on leaves, resulting in irregular holes. To manage caterpillars, handpick and remove them from the plant or apply Bacillus thuringiensis, a natural insecticide.
Regular inspection of the plant for pest and disease symptoms can help prevent and manage potential issues. Good cultural practices, such as proper watering, fertilization, and pruning, can also improve plant health and resistance to pest and disease attacks.
