Origin
Digitaria monodactyla (Nees) Stapf, commonly known as the tropical crabgrass, is a perennial plant species that belongs to the family Poaceae. This plant is native to the tropical regions of Africa and Asia but can also be found in other parts of the world where it has been introduced as a weed.
Common names
Digitaria monodactyla is usually referred to by different common names depending on the region. Some of the common names include tropical crabgrass, fingergrass, monodactylus grass, one-finger grass, and narrowleaf crabgrass.
Uses
Digitaria monodactyla has different uses in different parts of the world. In some African countries, it is used as a forage plant for livestock due to its high nutritional content. It is also used as a medicinal plant in some traditional medicine practices to treat various ailments such as fever, dysentery, and stomach problems.
In Asia, the plant is used for soil conservation and stabilization due to its extensive root system that helps to reduce soil erosion. It is also used as a green manure crop because of its ability to fix nitrogen in the soil.
General Appearance
Digitaria monodactyla is a mat-forming perennial grass that has a prostrate growth habit. It can grow up to a height of 40cm and features stems that are flattened and root at the nodes. The leaves are narrow, lance-shaped, and can grow up to 10cm long. The inflorescence of the plant features finger-like spikes that grow up to 10cm long and are arranged in groups of 2-5. The spikes are green in color and turn brown when mature. The plant produces seeds that are about 2mm long and have a pointed tip.
Light Requirements
Digitaria monodactyla requires full sunlight exposure for healthy growth and development. This species of plant is adapted to thrive in areas with high light intensity. Therefore, it is recommended to plant it in open locations with no shade cover.
Temperature Requirements
The recommended temperature range for the growth of Digitaria monodactyla is between 25°C to 35°C. The growth rate is optimal in tropical regions where the temperature is relatively consistent throughout the year. Extreme temperatures, both hot and cold, may have negative effects on the growth of this plant species.
Soil Requirements
Digitaria monodactyla can grow in a variety of soil types but prefers well-drained soils with a relatively high proportion of organic matter. This plant species thrives in soils with a pH range of 5.5 to 7.5. It can tolerate poor soil conditions, but the growth rate and overall health of the plant may be adversely affected.
Cultivation Methods
Digitaria monodactyla prefers warm temperatures and a well-draining sandy loam soil. It can tolerate partial shade but does best in full sunlight. Plant the seedlings in shallow furrows 10-15 cm apart and water thoroughly.
Watering Needs
While mature Digitaria monodactyla plants have a strong drought tolerance, young plants need regular watering to keep the ground evenly moist. Water your seedlings regularly, and reduce irrigation frequency gradually as the plants become established. Monitor the soil moisture level during hot and dry periods and water accordingly.
Fertilization
Digitaria monodactyla likes organically-rich soil. Add compost or well-decomposed manure to the planting beds before sowing or transplanting. A balanced fertilizer, such as 10-10-10, can be applied every six weeks during the growing season to enhance plant growth and health. Nitrogen and phosphorus are essential for proper plant development, but do not over-fertilize, as it can lead to lush foliage and poor seed production.
Pruning
Digitaria monodactyla does not require regular pruning, but you should deadhead spent flowers and remove the occasional dead stem or leaf to stimulate vigorous growth. Regularly remove weeds as soon as they appear since invasive weeds can compete with your plants for water and nutrients. Avoid cutting back the stems too severely, as it can reduce the plant's vigor.
Propagation of Digitaria Monodactyla
Digitaria monodactyla, also known as Nees Stapf, is a grass species that is commonly grown for its beautiful ornamental quality. It can be propagated through different methods such as:
Seed Propagation
One of the easiest ways to propagate Digitaria monodactyla is by using seeds. It is important to select healthy seeds that are free from diseases and damages. Seeds can be sown directly into soil or started indoors and transplanted later. Sow the seeds at a depth of 1/4 inch into the prepared soil and keep it moist until germination occurs. Germination usually takes between 10 to 15 days.
Division Propagation
Digitaria monodactyla can also be propagated through division. This method involves taking a mature clump of the plant and dividing it into smaller sections. It is best to do this during the plant's dormant season. Use a sharp knife or garden shears to cut through the clump making sure to keep the roots intact. Replant the divided sections into prepared soil, water them thoroughly, and keep them moist until they are established.
Cutting Propagation
Digitaria monodactyla can be propagated through stem cuttings. It is important to select a healthy stem from the parent plant with at least two nodes. Cut the stem and remove the leaves from the lower nodes. Dip the cut end into rooting hormone and plant it into soil or a rooting medium. Keep the cutting moist and in a humid environment until roots have developed. Once the roots have established, transplant them to the prepared soil.
Disease Management
Digitaria monodactyla is generally a healthy plant, but it can be susceptible to fungal diseases. The most common diseases that might affect D. monodactyla include leaf spot, anthracnose, and powdery mildew. These diseases can cause leaf discoloration, defoliation, and eventually plant death if left unmanaged.
To manage these diseases, it is important to maintain good plant hygiene by disposing of diseased plant debris and avoiding overhead irrigation to minimize leaf wetness. Additionally, applying fungicides may be necessary to prevent the spread of fungal spores.
Pest Management
D. monodactyla can also be affected by a range of insect pests, including grasshoppers, aphids, and mites. These pests can damage the foliage and weaken the plant, making it more susceptible to disease.
To manage pest infestations, it is important to regularly monitor the plant and remove any visible pests by hand. Insecticides can also be applied if necessary, but care should be taken to avoid harming beneficial insects that may help control the pest population.
Overall, maintaining good plant hygiene and monitoring for pests and diseases can help keep D. monodactyla healthy and productive.
