Origin and Common Names
Zoysia matrella (L.) Merr. is a warm-season perennial grass native to Southeast Asia, particularly in China, Japan, and Korea. It is commonly known as Zoysia grass, Manila grass, Korean velvet grass, or Temple grass.
Appearance
Zoysia matrella is a fine-textured grass that produces dense, low-growing mats with a height of 1 to 2 inches (2.5 to 5 cm). Its blades are narrow, pointed, and have a dark green color with a glossy sheen. The stems of the grass are cylindrical and can root at the nodes, allowing the plant to spread and form a thick turf. The roots of Zoysia matrella can grow deep, reaching up to 5 feet (1.5m) in ideal conditions.
Uses
Zoysia matrella is commonly used in landscaping, particularly in lawns, golf courses, and parks. Due to its low growth habit and drought tolerance, it is also used for erosion control and soil stabilization. The grass is also used for ornamental purposes due to its fine texture and attractive appearance.
Zoysia matrella has also been used in traditional medicine to treat various ailments such as digestive problems, fever, and inflammation. Its leaves and stems contain compounds that have shown potential anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor properties.
Light Requirements
Zoysia matrella is a warm-season grass, and therefore requires full sun exposure for optimal growth. It is not well-suited to shady areas and may struggle to survive and grow in low light conditions.
Temperature Requirements
This plant thrives in warm temperatures and does not tolerate frost or cold temperatures well. Its ideal growing temperature range is between 75 and 90 degrees Fahrenheit. When temperatures dip below 50 degrees Fahrenheit, the plant may become dormant and cease growth, so it is best suited to areas with warm, mild climates.
Soil Requirements
Zoysia matrella prefers well-drained soil with a pH between 6.0 and 7.0. It is not particularly picky about soil type, but it does not tolerate waterlogged or heavily compacted soil. In order to promote healthy root growth, it is recommended that the soil be amended with organic matter prior to planting.
Cultivation Methods for Zoysia Matrella (L.) Merr
Zoysia matrella is a warm-season turfgrass that requires specific cultivation practices for optimal growth and development. Firstly, the soil should be well-draining and have a pH level between 5.5 and 7.0. Secondly, the seed should be planted during the late spring or early summer, when the soil temperature reaches a minimum of 70°F. Finally, the seeds should be sown at a depth of ¼ inch to ½ inch, and the soil should be kept moist until the grass is established.
Watering Needs for Zoysia Matrella (L.) Merr
Zoysia matrella requires regular watering to maintain its lush green appearance. Watering should be done deeply, but infrequently to encourage deep root growth. It is recommended to water the grass 1-2 times per week, applying enough water to wet the soil to a depth of 6-8 inches. During periods of drought or high temperatures, the plant may require more frequent watering to prevent wilting or browning.
Fertilization of Zoysia Matrella (L.) Merr
Zoysia matrella requires adequate nutrients to ensure healthy growth and development. Fertilization should be done during the growing season, typically between late spring and early fall. It is recommended to use a balanced fertilizer with equal amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. The application rate will depend on the soil fertility, but typically, 1-2 lbs of nitrogen per 1000 square feet is sufficient.
Pruning of Zoysia Matrella (L.) Merr
Zoysia matrella requires regular pruning to maintain its thickness and appearance. Pruning should be done once every 1-2 weeks during the growing season, using a lawnmower set to a height of ½ inch to 1 inch. It is also recommended to remove any thatch buildup to a maximum of ½ inch. During the winter months, the grass will become dormant and will not require any pruning until the following spring.
Propagation Methods for Zoysia matrella (L.) Merr.
Zoysia matrella, commonly known as Manila grass, is a warm-season grass that is popular for its fine-textured green blades and low maintenance requirements. There are several methods available to propagate Zoysia matrella, including:
Sodding
Sodding is a popular method of propagating Zoysia matrella, especially for large areas. This involves cutting rectangular or square pieces of turf with a depth of 2-3 inches from mature lawns. The sod is then laid on the prepared soil, making sure the edges are tightly joined to avoid any gaps. Water the sod regularly so it can establish roots and become a permanent lawn.
Plugging
Plugging is a propagation method suitable for small areas. Small plugs of Zoysia matrella are removed from established lawns and replanted into soil pockets, with a spacing of 1-2 feet apart. Water the plugs daily until they have established roots and become a uniform lawn.
Seeding
Seeding is the least expensive way of propagating Zoysia matrella. However, the success rate is low, and it takes up to two years for the grass to establish. Sow the seeds at the rate of 2-3 pounds per 1,000 square feet on a well-prepared bed. Cover the seeds with 1/8 inches of soil, keeping it moist regularly.
Other Methods
Vegetative propagation is also possible with Zoysia matrella, using methods like stem cuttings, rhizomes, and stolons. Using these methods will result in a faster growth rate than seed propagation.
Overall, selecting the right propagation method for Zoysia matrella depends on the size of the area and the end-use of the lawn. Proper planning and preparation can lead to a uniformly established and beautiful Zoysia matrella lawn.
Disease Management for Zoysia matrella
One common disease affecting Zoysia matrella is large patch disease, caused by Rhizoctonia solani fungus. The symptoms include circular patches of yellowed or dead blades that enlarge over time. To manage the disease, avoid over-fertilizing the lawn with nitrogen, which promotes disease growth. Also, ensure proper drainage, and avoid overwatering the lawn. Fungicides can be used to control the disease, but preventive measures are more effective.
Pink patch disease, caused by Limonomyces roseipellis, is another disease that can affect Zoysia matrella. The symptoms include pinkish-colored patches that can be large or small in size. Good cultural practices, such as avoiding excessive irrigation and fertilization, can help prevent the disease. Applying fungicides can also help manage the disease.
Pest Management for Zoysia matrella
Aphids, mites, and billbugs are common pests that can affect Zoysia matrella. Aphids are small, pear-shaped insects that feed on plant sap, causing yellowing of leaves and stunted growth. Mites are tiny arachnids that also suck sap from the plant, causing discoloration and bronzing of leaves. Billbugs are beetle larvae that feed on roots, crowns, and stems, causing thinning and yellowing of the lawn.
One effective way to manage these pests is by regular lawn maintenance practices, such as proper mowing and watering. Avoid over-fertilizing the lawn, as it promotes pest infestation. Insecticides can also be applied to control the pests, but it is essential to choose a product that targets specific pests while minimizing harm to beneficial insects.
