Introduction
Wedelia macrorrhiza (Chiov.) Chiov., commonly known as Cape wedelia or Mosese, is a perennial flowering plant belonging to the Asteraceae family. It is native to the eastern regions of Africa, specifically Kenya, Tanzania, and Zimbabwe, and has also been introduced in other parts of the world due to its ornamental value and medicinal properties.Description
Cape wedelia is a sprawling plant which grows up to 2m in length. The plant has thick, succulent stems and leaves, which are oblong to elliptical in shape and measure about 5-15cm in length. The leaves are arranged opposite each other on the stems and are dark green in color, with a slightly hairy texture. The plant produces bright yellow daisy-like flowers that are 20-30mm in diameter, which appear in clusters at the end of the stems. The flowers bloom from late summer to autumn and are followed by small, hairy fruits.Common Names
Cape wedelia is commonly known as Mosese in Tanzania and Zimbabwe, and is also called Gonga-gonga, Mongoloko, and Muhelo in other African countries. In the United States, the plant is known as creeping oxeye or trailing wedelia.Uses
Cape wedelia has a number of medicinal uses in traditional African medicine. The leaves of the plant are used to treat a variety of ailments including stomach pains, fever, and respiratory infections. The plant is also known for its antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties. The plant's attractive, yellow flowers and lush foliage make it a popular ornamental plant in gardens and landscaping. Additionally, it is used as a ground cover and can be planted as a natural erosion control method due to its sprawling growth habit.Conclusion
In summary, Wedelia macrorrhiza is a versatile and valuable plant with both medicinal and ornamental uses. Its physical characteristics make it an attractive addition to any garden or landscaping project, while its traditional medicinal uses continue to be recognized in various African countries. Overall, Cape wedelia serves as an excellent example of the intersection between horticulture and traditional medicine.Light Requirements
Wedelia macrorrhiza thrives in areas that receive full sun. It can grow in partially shaded areas, but it may not produce flowers as abundantly as it would if it were planted in bright light.
Temperature Requirements
This plant is native to tropical regions and therefore prefers consistently warm temperatures. Temperatures should not drop below 60°F (15.6°C) to keep this plant healthy.
Soil Requirements
Wedelia macrorrhiza prefers well-draining soils that are rich in organic matter. The soil pH should be between 6.5 and 7.5 to maintain optimum growth. In areas with heavy rainfall or poor drainage, planting this species in raised beds or containers may be necessary.
Cultivation methods
Wedelia macrorrhiza is a relatively easy plant to cultivate. It is adaptable to different soil types but prefers well-draining soil that is slightly acidic. The plant thrives in full sun but can also tolerate partial shade. It is suitable for USDA hardiness zones 9b to 11.
The plant can be propagated through seeds or stem cuttings. If propagating through cuttings, it is best to use young stems that are about 4 to 6 inches long with a few leaves attached. Dip the cuttings in rooting hormone powder and plant them in well-draining soil in a pot or directly in the ground. Water the cuttings regularly until they develop roots and begin to grow.
Watering needs
Wedelia macrorrhiza requires regular watering during the growing season, especially during hot and dry spells. The soil should be kept moist but not waterlogged, as the plant is susceptible to root rot. If the soil is clayey or retains moisture, watering may need to be adjusted to prevent waterlogging.
During periods of drought or water scarcity, the plant may become dormant, losing its leaves and shutting down growth. However, it usually recovers quickly when adequate water is available.
Fertilization
Wedelia macrorrhiza requires moderate fertilization to thrive and produce abundant flowers. A slow-release granular fertilizer that is high in nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium is ideal. The fertilizer should be applied around the base of the plant before the growing season begins, and again midway through the season.
Over-fertilization should be avoided, as it can lead to excessive foliage growth and fewer flowers. Fertilizer application should also be adjusted according to soil fertility and plant growth, as excessive fertilization can cause adverse environmental effects.
Pruning
Wedelia macrorrhiza benefits from periodic pruning to control its size, shape, and encourage bushier growth. Pruning should be done after the flowering season to avoid cutting off the buds and flowers. The plant can be pruned back to about half its height or to a desirable size. Dead, damaged, or diseased stems should be removed at any time.
The cut stems can be propagated through stem cuttings as described above. Regular pruning also helps to prevent the plant from becoming invasive and spreading out of control.
Propagation of Wedelia macrorrhiza
Wedelia macrorrhiza (Chiov.) Chiov., commonly known as Capeivy or creeping oxeye, is an evergreen groundcover plant that belongs to the Asteraceae family. This plant is native to Madagascar and is widely used as a ground cover due to its low maintenance requirements and ability to tolerate a wide range of soil conditions. Propagation of Wedelia macrorrhiza can be achieved through various methods such as stem cuttings, division, and layering.
Propagation by Stem Cuttings
Stem cuttings are one of the most common methods used to propagate Wedelia macrorrhiza. This method involves taking a stem cutting, typically about three to five inches in length, from an established plant. The cutting should be taken from healthy and disease-free plant material and should include at least one node.
The cutting should be dipped in rooting hormone to encourage root growth and then planted in a pot filled with well-draining soil. The pot should be kept in a warm and well-lit location and watered regularly until the cutting develops roots and new growth.
Propagation by Division
Propagation by division is another method used to propagate Wedelia macrorrhiza. This method involves carefully digging up an established plant and dividing it into smaller sections. Each section should have its own roots and shoots.
The divided sections can then be planted in new locations in well-draining soil and watered regularly until they establish themselves in their new environment.
Propagation by Layering
Propagation by layering is a method that involves encouraging a stem to produce roots while still attached to the parent plant. This method is particularly useful for Wedelia macrorrhiza as it has long trailing stems that can be used for layering.
To propagate by layering, select a healthy stem and bend it over so that it touches the ground. Make a small cut in the stem at the point where it touches the ground to encourage root growth. Cover the cut section with soil and keep it moist until new roots and shoots start to emerge. Once the stem has produced enough roots and new growth, it can be cut away from the parent plant and planted in its new location.
Disease Management
Wedelia macrorrhiza can be affected by several diseases, including root rot, leaf spot, and powdery mildew. To manage these diseases, it is important to maintain good sanitation practices that involve removing dead plant materials, fallen leaves, and branches. Additionally, it is essential to provide adequate drainage to prevent the accumulation of standing water around the roots, which can lead to root rot.
If the plant is infected with leaf spot, it is recommended to prune the affected leaves and dispose of them properly. A fungicide spray may also be used to control the disease. Powdery mildew, on the other hand, can be managed by applying a sulfur or copper-based fungicide spray.
Pest Management
Some common pests that might attack Wedelia macrorrhiza include spider mites, aphids, and mealybugs. Inspecting the plant regularly and removing any infested leaves or branches can help to control these pests.
Spider mites can be challenging to manage, but they can be controlled by spraying the leaves with water regularly to reduce their population. A pesticide or insecticidal soap can also be used to kill the mites.
Aphids and mealybugs, on the other hand, can be controlled by using a neem oil spray, which is derived from the seeds of the neem tree. This natural pesticide can also be used to prevent other insects from attacking the plant. By managing the pests effectively, the health and vitality of Wedelia macrorrhiza can be maintained, and it can continue to flourish in your garden.
