Origin
Wedelia helianthoides (Schumach. & Thonn.) Isawumi subsp. papposa (O.Hoffm. & Muschl.) Isawumi is a plant native to West Africa, particularly found in Nigeria and Cameroon. It typically grows in grasslands, savannas, and forest edges.
Common Names
Wedelia helianthoides is known by several common names, including African creeping daisy, yellow oxeye, or creeping wedelia. In some African countries, it is also referred to as 'arété'.
Appearance
Wedelia helianthoides is a fast-growing perennial herb that can reach up to 2 meters in height. It has a prostrate habit, with long trailing stems that can spread up to 3 meters in length. The leaves are simple, lanceolate in shape, and can reach up to 8 centimeters in length. The plant produces yellow flowers that appear in clusters at the ends of the stems. The flowers are similar in appearance to those of sunflowers, with a disc-like center and yellow petals around the edge.
Uses
Wedelia helianthoides has a variety of traditional medicinal uses across Africa. It is used to treat wounds, skin infections, and headaches. The plant extracts have been found to have antibacterial and antifungal properties, making it a popular ingredient in traditional medicine. Additionally, the plant is used for erosion control and landscaping due to its fast-growing and trailing nature, making it a popular choice for groundcover. However, due to its aggressive growth, it can also become invasive and difficult to control in some areas.
Light Requirements
Wedelia helianthoides (Schumach. & Thonn.) Isawumi subsp. papposa (O.Hoffm. & Muschl.) Isawumi grows best in full sun to partial shade. It can tolerate some shade but will not thrive without sufficient sunlight.
Temperature Requirements
This plant thrives in tropical and subtropical climates with warm temperatures. It can tolerate a wide range of temperatures from 18-35°C (64-95°F). Temperatures below 15°C (59°F) can cause damage to the leaves and slow down growth.
Soil Requirements
Wedelia helianthoides (Schumach. & Thonn.) Isawumi subsp. papposa (O.Hoffm. & Muschl.) Isawumi prefers well-draining soils with a pH range of 5.5-7.5. It can thrive in most soil types, including sandy, loamy, or clay soils, as long as they are well-drained. The soil should be kept moist but not waterlogged, as this can cause root rot. Adding organic matter to the soil can help improve nutrient availability and water retention.
Cultivation Methods
Wedelia helianthoides (Schumach. & Thonn.) Isawumi subsp. papposa (O.Hoffm. & Muschl.) Isawumi is commonly grown as a ground cover or accent plant in gardens. The plant prefers full sunlight, but it can also grow in partial shade. It is native to Africa and requires warm weather to thrive. The ideal temperature range for this plant is between 70 to 85°F. Wedelia helianthoides grows best in well-draining soils that are rich in organic matter.
Watering Needs
Wedelia helianthoides is a drought-tolerant plant, but regular watering is necessary for optimal growth and flowering. The plant should be watered deeply during dry spells, but excessive watering may cause root and stem rot. The watering schedule should be adjusted according to the weather conditions and the soil's moisture content.
Fertilization
Wedelia helianthoides requires regular feeding to encourage healthy growth and vibrant blooms. A balanced fertilizer containing nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium should be applied every two to three months during the growing season. Organic fertilizers such as compost and vermicompost are also suitable for this plant.
Pruning
Wedelia helianthoides is a fast-growing plant that requires regular pruning to keep it under control. It can quickly spread and become invasive if left unchecked. The plant should be pruned after each blooming cycle, and the stems should be trimmed to maintain the desired shape and size. Deadheading the spent flowers will encourage the plant to produce more blooms.
Propagation of Wedelia helianthoides subsp. papposa
Wedelia helianthoides subsp. papposa can be propagated by several methods:
Seed propagation
Seeds of W. helianthoides subsp. papposa can be sown in seedbeds or nursery beds. The seeds should be collected from mature fruits, cleaned, and sown immediately. The soil should be well-draining and humus-rich. The seeds should be sown at a depth of 1-2 cm and watered regularly. Germination occurs within 2-4 weeks, and seedlings should be transplanted after 4-6 months.
Cuttings
Stem cuttings of W. helianthoides subsp. papposa can be taken during the growing season. The cuttings should be 5-10 cm long and have at least two nodes. The lower leaves should be removed, and the cuttings should be dipped in rooting hormone. The cuttings should be planted in well-draining soil and kept moist. Roots will develop within 4-6 weeks, and the cuttings can be transplanted after 2-3 months.
Division
W. helianthoides subsp. papposa can also be propagated through division of the root clumps. This method is best done in the early spring. The clumps should be carefully dug out of the ground, and the roots should be gently separated. Each division should have several stems and a healthy root system. The divisions should be planted in well-draining soil and kept moist. They can be transplanted after 2-3 months.
Disease Management
Wedelia helianthoides subsp. papposa is susceptible to various diseases, including:
- Leaf Spot: This is a fungal disease that causes circular or irregular spots on the leaves. To manage this disease, remove infected plant parts, and keep the plant dry. Use of fungicides can also help to manage the condition.
- Powdery Mildew: This is a fungal disease that causes a powdery, white substance on the leaves and stems. To manage this disease, spray the plant with neem oil and keep the plant dry. Use of appropriate fungicides can also be effective in managing the condition.
- Root Rot: This is a bacterial disease that causes the roots to rot and can lead to plant death. To manage this disease, water the plant appropriately and avoid standing water around the plant. Use of appropriate fungicides can also help to manage the condition.
Pest Management
Wedelia helianthoides subsp. papposa is commonly attacked by various pests, such as:
- Aphids: These insects suck sap from the leaves and stems, causing yellowing and stunted growth. To manage these pests, use insecticidal soap or neem oil.
- Mealybugs: These insects suck sap from the leaves and produce a cottony substance on the plant. To manage these pests, use insecticidal soap or neem oil.
- Spider Mites: These pests feed on the underside of the leaves, causing yellowing and stippling of the leaves. To manage these pests, spray the plant with water to remove the mites and use appropriate insecticides or miticides.
Regular inspection and early detection of pest infestations are crucial in effectively managing pest problems. Additionally, ensure proper watering and fertilization practices to keep the plant healthy and resistant to pest attacks.
