Overview
Wedelia helianthoides (Schumach. & Thonn.) Isawumi subsp. ciliata (Schumach.) Isawumi is a flowering plant that belongs to the Asteraceae family. The plant is native to Africa and is often found in savannahs, grasslands, and open woodland.Common Names
The plant is commonly known as the Yellow Wedelia or African Daisy.Appearance
The Yellow Wedelia is a perennial plant that grows up to 60 cm in height. The plant has sprawling stems that form a dense and bushy shrub. The leaves of the plant are green, smooth, and have a triangular shape with toothed edges. The plant produces yellow flowers that resemble daisies, which bloom from May to September.Uses
The Yellow Wedelia has numerous uses in both traditional and modern medicine. The leaves of the plant have been used to treat stomach ailments, diabetes, and respiratory infections. The plant has also been used to treat skin conditions, wounds, and burns. In addition to its medicinal uses, the plant is also used in landscaping, as it is a hardy and low-maintenance plant that produces a profusion of yellow flowers. The plant is also used to help prevent soil erosion due to its extensive root system. Overall, the Yellow Wedelia is a beautiful and valuable plant that has numerous uses in medicine and landscaping.Growth Conditions for Wedelia helianthoides (Schumach. & Thonn.) Isawumi subsp. ciliata (Schumach.) Isawumi
Light Requirements: Wedelia helianthoides requires full sunlight to grow and thrive. It should be planted in an area that receives at least 6-8 hours of direct sunlight daily.
Temperature Requirements: This plant is native to tropical regions and hence prefers warm temperatures. The ideal temperature range for Wedelia helianthoides is between 20°C to 30°C. It can tolerate slightly cooler temperatures but is not cold hardy and may die if exposed to frost.
Soil Requirements: Wedelia helianthoides grows best in well-draining soils that are fertile and slightly acidic to neutral in pH. The soil should be rich in organic matter, and it should not be waterlogged. This plant can tolerate slightly dry conditions, but it must not be allowed to dry out completely.
Water Requirements: Wedelia helianthoides requires regular watering to keep the soil moist but not waterlogged. It should be watered deeply once or twice a week during dry periods. However, it should be noted that overwatering can lead to root rot, and hence it is essential to ensure that the soil is well-draining.
Fertilizer Requirements: Wedelia helianthoides is not a heavy feeder and does not require excessive fertilizing. However, for optimal growth and flowering, it can be fertilized with a balanced fertilizer every three months during the growing season. Over-fertilizing can lead to excessive foliage growth and reduced flowering.
Cultivation
Wedelia helianthoides (Schumach. & Thonn.) Isawumi subsp. ciliata (Schumach.) Isawumi requires well-drained soil and full sunlight conditions for optimal growth.
The plant grows best in tropical to subtropical regions and can withstand drought for short periods. It is recommended to grow Wedelia helianthoides (Schumach. & Thonn.) Isawumi subsp. ciliata (Schumach.) Isawumi in garden beds or pots, and the planting process should be done during the rainy season to ease establishment.
Watering needs
The watering schedule should be adapted to the specific weather conditions in the region. Wedelia helianthoides (Schumach. & Thonn.) Isawumi subsp. ciliata (Schumach.) Isawumi needs frequent watering during the dry season (once every two days) and less frequent watering during the rainy season (once a week). Ensure that you avoid overwatering the plant, as it may result in root rot and other diseases.
Fertilization
The application of fertilizer should be done during the rainy season to facilitate nutrient absorption by the plant. Use a balanced formula such as 10:10:10 to provide essential nutrients to the plant, and avoid over-fertilization, which can lead to plant stress.
Pruning
Prune the plant regularly to control its growth and promote bushiness. Remove any diseased or dead leaves, stems, or flowers once you notice them. Pruning also helps in the development of strong stems and branches. You can use pruning shears or scissors to carry out the process, and it can be done any time of the year.
Propagation of Wedelia helianthoides (Schumach. & Thonn.) Isawumi subsp. ciliata (Schumach.) Isawumi
Wedelia helianthoides (Schumach. & Thonn.) Isawumi subsp. ciliata (Schumach.) Isawumi can be propagated by several methods such as:
Seed propagation
This method involves collecting the seeds from the plant and sowing them in a suitable growing medium. The seeds should be sown at a depth of 1 cm and kept moist. After germination, the seedlings can be transplanted to their desired location. However, the success rate of seed propagation is relatively low for this plant.
Cutting propagation
This method involves taking cuttings from the stem of the plant and rooting them in a suitable growing medium. Cuttings should be taken from the current season's growth and be about 5-7 cm in length. Remove the leaves from the lower half of the cutting and dip the cut end in rooting hormone. Place the cutting in a growing medium and keep it moist. After rooting, the cutting can be transplanted to its desired location.
Division propagation
This method involves dividing the root ball of a mature plant into smaller sections and planting them in a suitable growing medium. This method is best done in the spring before the plant begins to actively grow. Gently loosen the soil around the plant, then carefully separate the roots into smaller clumps using a gardening fork or spade. Each clump should have at least one stem and several roots. Replant the divided sections immediately in their desired location while keeping the soil moist.
Regardless of the chosen propagation method, it is important to provide the new plants with enough moisture and sunlight to encourage strong growth. Wedelia helianthoides (Schumach. & Thonn.) Isawumi subsp. ciliata (Schumach.) Isawumi is a hardy plant that can tolerate a wide range of growing conditions, making it a relatively easy plant to propagate and grow.
Disease Management for Wedelia helianthoides subsp. ciliata
Wedelia helianthoides subsp. ciliata is a relatively hardy plant, but it can still fall prey to a few diseases. Below are the common diseases that affect the plant and possible ways of managing them:
1. Root Rot
Root rot is caused by fungi in the soil. The disease causes the roots to decay, affecting the uptake of nutrients and water. You can manage root rot by avoiding overwatering the plant, ensuring proper drainage, and using a well-draining soil. Avoid using previously infected soil or planting too close to an infected plant. If the plant is already infected, it is best to remove it and prevent replanting for some time.
2. Leaf Spot
Leaf spot is caused by fungi that cause yellow or brown spots on leaves. The disease can cause defoliation if left uncontrolled. To manage leaf spot, remove and destroy infected leaves. You can also apply fungicides to prevent the spread of the disease.
Pest Management for Wedelia helianthoides subsp. ciliata
The plant is generally not bothered by pests, but some insects can decide to make it their home. Here are possible pests and ways to manage them:
1. Mealybugs
Mealybugs are small, white, and fluffy insects that suck sap from the plant. They can cause stunted growth, yellowing of leaves, and even death if not managed. You can manage mealybugs by using a mixture of water and dish soap to wash off the insects. You can also use a solution of neem oil or insecticidal soap.
2. Aphids
Aphids are small insects that feed on the sap of plants. They can cause distorted growth and yellowing of leaves. To manage aphids, wash them off with water or use insecticidal soap.
