Origin and Common Names
Wedelia cristata Standl. is a species of flowering plant that belongs to the family Asteraceae. The plant is commonly known as Crested Wedelia or Morning Sunflower. This herbaceous plant is native to Central America and parts of South America, including Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Panama, and Venezuela.Uses
Wedelia cristata Standl. has many uses, from medicinal to ornamental purposes. In traditional medicine, the plant is used to treat various ailments, including arthritis, fever, toothache, and stomach problems. It is also thought to help relieve joint pain and inflammation. Aside from its medicinal uses, Crested Wedelia is also cultivated for its ornamental value. Its bright yellow flowers and lush foliage make it an attractive addition to gardens and parks. The plant is also used for erosion control and as a ground cover in landscaping.General Appearance
Wedelia cristata Standl. is a perennial herb that grows up to 40 cm tall. The plant has small, oval-shaped leaves that are light green in color. Its leaves are covered with soft hairs and have toothed edges. The plant's flowers are yellow and daisy-like in appearance, with a dark center. They bloom in the morning and close in the afternoon. The plant prefers full sun to part shade and requires well-drained soil. Its hardiness ranges from USDA zones 8-11.Light Requirements
Wedelia cristata requires full sun to partial shade for optimal growth. It is highly adaptable to different light intensities but grows best in bright and sunny conditions.
Temperature Requirements
This plant can tolerate a wide range of temperatures, from hot to cool climates. However, it grows best under warm conditions with moderate to high humidity. Ideal temperatures for Wedelia cristata range from 15°C to 35°C (59°F to 95°F).
Soil Requirements
Wedelia cristata prefers well-draining soil that is moist but not waterlogged. It can grow in a variety of soil types, including sand, loam, clay, and rocky soils. The pH of the soil should be slightly acidic to neutral, ranging from 6.0 to 7.5.
The plant can also tolerate some degree of soil salinity and is often found growing near coastal areas. It is important to note, however, that excessive salinity can be detrimental to the plant's growth and survival.
Cultivation methods
The Wedelia cristata Standl., commonly known as the crested wedelia, is a plant that grows well in tropical regions. It can be grown outdoors in various soils and requires a lot of space to thrive. This plant requires full sunlight, so it is best to keep it in an area where it will get at least six hours of sunlight each day. It can be propagated by seeds or cuttings.
Watering needs
The Wedelia cristata Standl. plant requires regular watering, especially during hot and dry weather. It is best to water the plant early in the morning or late in the afternoon, avoiding the hottest part of the day. Overwatering can cause root rot and should be avoided. During the rainy season, watering can be reduced as the plant will receive sufficient water from rainfall.
Fertilization
As with most plants, fertilization is essential for the Wedelia cristata Standl. to grow correctly. It is recommended to use a balanced fertilizer, which contains nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. Fertilizer should be applied once a month during the growing season, which is typically from spring to fall.
Pruning
Pruning is essential to maintain the shape and size of the Wedelia cristata Standl. plant. It is recommended to prune the plant regularly to prevent it from becoming too leggy or overgrown. Pruning should be done during the growing season, and any dead or diseased branches should be removed immediately to prevent any further damage. The plant can be pruned with pruning shears, and any cuts should be made as close to the main stem as possible.
Propagation of Wedelia cristata Standl.
Wedelia cristata Standl. can be propagated through several methods including seeding, division, and stem cuttings.
Seeding
Propagation through seeding is an effective method for producing a large number of plants. The seeds should be sown in a well-draining soil mixture in small pots or trays. They should be covered lightly with soil or vermiculite and kept moist but not waterlogged. The containers should be placed in a warm and bright area but protected from direct sunlight. The seedlings will emerge within 2-4 weeks and should be transplanted into larger containers after they have grown several true leaves.
Division
Propagation through division is a useful way to rejuvenate an old and overgrown plant or share it with others. The plant should be carefully dug up and divided into smaller sections, each with a healthy root system and several shoots. The sections should be replanted immediately into a well-draining soil mixture and kept moist but not waterlogged. They should be placed in a shaded area for a few days until they establish themselves, and then gradually exposed to more sunlight.
Stem cuttings
Propagation through stem cuttings is an easy and quick method to produce new plants. A healthy stem with several leaves and without flowers should be cut just below a node. The lower leaves should be removed, leaving only a few at the top. The cutting should be dipped in rooting hormone powder and stuck into a well-draining soil mixture. The soil should be kept moist and covered with a plastic bag or dome to create a humid environment. The cutting will root within 2-4 weeks and should be gradually exposed to more sunlight before being transplanted into a larger container or into the ground.
Disease and Pest Management of Wedelia cristata Standl.
Wedelia cristata Standl. is a beautiful ornamental plant that attracts a few pests and diseases. Still, it is essential to manage them to keep the plant healthy and flourishing. Common diseases and pests that might affect the plant include:
Diseases
1. Powdery mildew: This fungal disease thrives in humid environments and leaves a white powdery coating on the surface of the leaves. To manage powdery mildew, pick off and discard the infected leaves or spray the plant with a fungicide containing potassium bicarbonate or neem oil.
2. Rust: Rust appears as yellow, orange, or brown spots on the leaves. It is caused by a fungus and is widespread in humid conditions. To manage rust, apply a fungicide containing copper, neem oil, or potassium bicarbonate.
3. Leaf Spot: Leaf spot appears as small brown or black spots on the leaves. It is caused by a fungus and typically occurs in moist situations. Remove infected leaves and apply a copper fungicide.
Pests
1. Aphids: Aphids are tiny insects that cause curling and twisting of leaves while slowing growth. Use insecticidal soap to get rid of aphids, or introduce natural predators like ladybugs, lacewings, or parasitic wasps into the garden.
2. Snails and slugs: Snails and slugs feed on Wedelia cristata Standl. leaves, and their trails are visible on the plants. Make a barrier on the ground around the plant with crushed eggshells or diatomaceous earth, or use traps to catch them.
3. Mealybugs: Mealybugs feed on the sap of plants, causing stunted growth and yellowing of leaves. To eliminate mealybugs, wipe the leaves with rubbing alcohol or use insecticidal soap.
In conclusion, providing the necessary care and maintenance, including regular watering, adequate lighting, and fertilization, remains crucial to prevent Wedelia cristata Standl. from most pests and diseases. By following the suggested management techniques, gardeners can keep the plant healthy, thriving and free from harmful pests and diseases.
