Overview
Volvulopsis nummularium (L.) Roberty is a flowering plant that belongs to the family Convolvulaceae. It is also known as Small Bindweed or Round-leaf Bindweed, and it is a creeping vine that is native to Europe and Asia. This plant has been introduced to many parts of the world, including North America and Australia, and is considered an invasive species in some regions.
Appearance
The plant grows to a height of up to 50cm and spreads quickly through its underground rhizomes. The leaves of the plant are round, measuring between 1.5 and 3.5cm in diameter, and they are arranged alternately along the stem. The flowers are typically pinkish-white and trumpet-shaped, with a diameter of approximately 1cm. The fruits are small capsules that contain four seeds, which are dispersed by the wind and animals.
Uses
Volvulopsis nummularium has no known medicinal or culinary value, and it is generally considered to be a pest plant due to its invasive nature. However, the plant has been used in traditional medicine in some cultures to treat various ailments, including fever and wounds. The plant has also been used as an ornamental plant in gardens due to its attractive flowers.
Despite its potential negative impact on other plants, Volvulopsis nummularium can have ecological benefits in certain circumstances. The plant provides valuable habitat and food for some wildlife species, including butterflies, bees, and birds.
Growth Conditions for Volvulopsis nummularium (L.) Roberty
Volvulopsis nummularium (L.) Roberty, commonly known as the "coin-shaped" fern, is a small fern species that can grow in both terrestrial and epiphytic environments. The growth of this plant is influenced by several environmental factors including light, temperature, and soil requirements.
Light Requirements
Volvulopsis nummularium prefers bright, indirect light. In their natural habitat, they grow in the lower understory of the rainforest, where they get partial sunlight. Exposure to direct sunlight can cause damage to the foliage and can hinder the growth of the plant. Insufficient light can lead to poor growth and chlorosis. A shaded area with approximately 60-70% of shade is an ideal location for this plant to grow.
Temperature Requirements
The optimal temperature range for Volvulopsis nummularium growth is between 18°C to 27°C (65°F to 80°F). Temperatures below 15°C (60°F) can cause damage to the plant, while temperatures above 30°C (86°F) can lead to leaf scorch and stunted growth. This plant thrives in warmer, humid environments with consistent temperatures.
Soil Requirements
Volvulopsis nummularium prefers well-drained, moist soil that is rich in organic matter. This plant also requires excellent aeration to ensure the root system is healthy. The ideal soil pH range should be between 5.5 to 7.5. It's important to avoid waterlogged soil as this can cause the roots to rot and lead to the death of the plant. The addition of organic matter such as compost or peat moss to the soil can promote good drainage and increase the soil's nutrient content.
Cultivation methods
Volvulopsis nummularium can be grown in pots or as ground cover. When grown in pots, it is essential to use a well-draining potting mix and choose a container that is slightly larger than the current root ball.
If grown as ground cover, it should be planted in well-draining soil with some organic matter added to it to promote healthy growth.
The plant prefers a location with partial shade to full sun exposure. However, it should not be exposed to direct sunlight during the hottest part of the day.
Watering needs
Volvulopsis nummularium is relatively drought-tolerant, but it requires regular watering to maintain healthy foliage and promote flowering. The soil should be kept slightly moist, and it should never be allowed to dry out completely.
If growing the plant in pots, ensure that there are drainage holes at the bottom of the container to allow excess water to escape. Water the plant when the top inch of soil feels dry to the touch.
Fertilization
During the growing season, you can apply a balanced, water-soluble fertilizer to Volvulopsis nummularium every two to four weeks. Follow the package instructions on how to apply the fertilizer.
Over-fertilizing can lead to excessive foliage growth at the expense of flowers, so be sure to use fertilizer sparingly.
Pruning
When Volvulopsis nummularium is grown as ground cover, it can be kept in check by pruning it back regularly. Prune the plant back in the early spring before new growth begins.
If grown in pots, Volvulopsis nummularium should be pruned back regularly to maintain a compact growth habit. Prune back any leggy or overgrown growth.
Deadheading spent flowers can promote additional blooms and keep the plant looking tidy.
Propagation of Volvulopsis nummularium (L.) Roberty
Volvulopsis nummularium is a herbaceous plant that belongs to the Convolvulaceae family. The plant is propagated via two methods, including:
Propagation via Seeds
The plant produces small seeds in fruit capsules. The seeds are harvested when the capsules turn brown and dry. Inside the capsules, the seeds are black, glossy, and hard. Once harvested, the seeds should be kept in cool and dry conditions to avoid spoilage. The optimum time for planting the seeds is during the spring.
Before planting, the seeds should be stratified to increase the chances of germination. Stratification means that the seeds are exposed to moisture and cold conditions that replicate the natural environment of the plant. The stratification process takes about a month, and it enhances the germination rate of the seeds.
After stratification, the seeds should be planted in well-draining soil with a pH range of 6.0 to 7.5. The soil should also be moist, but not waterlogged. The seeds should be planted at a depth of about 1/4 inch and spaced about 4 inches apart. When the seedlings emerge, they should be thinned out to prevent overcrowding.
Propagation via Cuttings
The plant can also be propagated via stem cuttings. This method works best during the spring. To propagate via cuttings, select a healthy stem of the plant that is at least six inches long. Cut the stem just below one of the nodes. Strip off the leaves from the bottom half of the stem.
The next step is to dip the cutting into rooting hormone powder. This powder boosts the development of new roots. After dipping, plant the cutting in a pot filled with well-draining soil. Water the cutting and place it in a warm, bright location that is out of direct sunlight.
The cutting should be kept moist and should not be exposed to extreme temperatures that can damage the plant. Within a few weeks, you should observe new root growth. After about eight weeks, you can transplant the cutting into a larger pot or directly into the garden.
Disease and Pest Management for Volvulopsis nummularium
Volvulopsis nummularium is a small, creeping plant that can easily fall prey to diseases and pests. Below are some common problems that might affect the plant, along with suggested ways to manage them.
Diseases
1. Rust
Rust is a fungal disease caused by several species of Puccinia that can appear on several parts of the plant. It can cause yellow to brownish-red discoloration, stunted growth, and distortion of leaves. Rust usually occurs under humid conditions, and the fungal spores can spread rapidly through wind or water. To manage rust, it is critical to remove all diseased parts and destroy them. Use a fungicide and reduce the humidity around the plant to prevent further spread of the disease.
2. Powdery Mildew
Powdery mildew is another fungal disease that affects Volvulopsis nummularium. The disease is characterized by the presence of a white, powdery coating on the leaves and stems of the plant. The disease can cause discoloration, leaf distortion, and eventually, leaf drop. To manage powdery mildew, it is essential to keep the surrounding area dry, prune affected parts, and use fungicides. Neem oil, potassium bicarbonate, and sulfur can be used to control mildew effectively.
Pests
1. Spider Mites
Spider mites are tiny, reddish-brown insects that can infest the plant's leaves and cause brown or yellow spots. They can be problematic pests if left unchecked. To manage spider mites, make sure to keep the plant's foliage clean and dry, prune affected parts, and use insecticides. Avoid overwatering the plant and keep the surrounding area clean.
2. Aphids
Aphids are small, soft-bodied insects that can infest Volvulopsis nummularium and cause stunted growth, yellowing, and distorted leaves. They can carry viruses that can harm the plant permanently. To manage aphids, spray the plant with water to knock off the pests, use insecticidal soaps, prune affected parts, and use sticky traps. Alternatively, beneficial insects such as ladybugs, parasitic wasps, and lacewings can prey on aphids and keep their population under control.
Managing pests and diseases is crucial in ensuring the health and survival of Volvulopsis nummularium. It is important to combine different pest and disease-management strategies for the best results. By taking care of this small plant, one can enjoy its beauty for a long time!
