Overview
Voacanga bracteata Stapf var. lanceolata Stapf is a plant that belongs to the family Apocynaceae. This plant is native to tropical and subtropical regions of Africa and Asia and is commonly referred to as Voacanga, Voacanga africana or Small-fruited Voacanga. This plant has numerous medicinal uses, and its bark, roots, and leaves are harvested for various purposes.
Appearance
Voacanga bracteata Stapf var. lanceolata Stapf is a small evergreen tree, that grows to a height of 3 to 6 meters. The tree has smooth bark that is greyish-brown to dark brown in color and is covered in lenticels. The leaves of this plant are simple, alternate and lanceolate or oblong in shape, measuring up to 20 cm in length and 6 cm in width. The leaves are glossy green on the upper surface and paler on the underside. The flowers of Voacanga are small, greenish-yellow in color, and are arranged in terminal cymes. The fruit is a small, round, or oblong capsule that measures 1 to 1.5 cm in diameter.
Uses
The bark, roots, and leaves of Voacanga bracteata Stapf var. lanceolata Stapf have numerous medicinal properties and are used in traditional medicine across Africa and Asia. The bark and roots are used to treat various ailments such as fever, diarrhea, dysentery, and other digestive problems. The roots and leaves are also used as a topical treatment for wounds and skin infections. Additionally, the plant has psychoactive properties and is often used in traditional healing practices for its hallucinogenic effects.
The seeds of the plant are used for the extraction of various alkaloids, including voacangine and voacamine, which have been found to have antiviral, antibacterial, and antitumor activity, making the plant a potential candidate for drug development. The plant is also used in cosmetics and soaps, and the wood is used for making furniture.
Light requirements
Voacanga bracteata Stapf var. lanceolata Stapf prefers bright, indirect light. It can also grow in shady areas, but exposure to sunlight is essential for the plant's growth. Too much direct sunlight can cause the leaves to scorch and wilt. It is best to place the plant near a bright, east-facing window or a filtered southern or western window.
Temperature requirements
Voacanga bracteata Stapf var. lanceolata Stapf prefer warm temperatures between 20-30°C. The plant can tolerate temperatures as low as 10°C, but prolonged exposure to temperatures below 10°C can cause damage to the leaves and stems. It's essential to keep the plant away from cold drafts and air conditioning.
Soil requirements
The soil for Voacanga bracteata Stapf var. lanceolata Stapf should be well-draining, rich in organic matter, and slightly acidic. A blend of perlite, vermiculite, and peat moss is an excellent choice for this plant. Soil that retains too much water can lead to root rot and other diseases. A well-aerated soil mixture is essential for the plant's growth and development.
Cultivation Methods
Voacanga bracteata Stapf var. lanceolata Stapf is a hardy plant that can grow in various soil types, including loamy and sandy soils. The plant prefers well-draining soils and can tolerate acidic to neutral soils with a pH between 4 and 7. The plant requires partial to full sunlight exposure, and it is best to grow it in a location that receives at least 4-5 hours of direct sunlight. The recommended planting period for Voacanga bracteata Stapf var. lanceolata Stapf is during the rainy season when the soil is moist.
Watering Needs
The plant requires moderate watering, and it is essential not to overwater the plant as this could lead to root rot. The frequency of watering should depend on the prevailing climatic conditions; during the dry season, more frequent watering may be necessary. However, it is crucial to ensure that the soil is moist but not waterlogged. The plant can tolerate short periods of drought, so it is essential not to water the plant too frequently.
Fertilization
Voacanga bracteata Stapf var. lanceolata Stapf requires regular fertilizer applications to support healthy growth and development. The plant requires a balanced inorganic fertilizer with a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium (NPK) ratio of 10-10-10. The fertilizer should be applied every six months, during the plant's active growth period. It is essential to avoid over-fertilizing the plant, as this could lead to the accumulation of harmful salts in the soil.
Pruning
Pruning is an essential part of maintaining the plant's shape, and it can help to promote healthy growth and development. It is best to prune the plant during the dormant period, which is usually during the dry season. The plant can be pruned to remove dead or diseased branches, improve airflow, and promote new growth. However, it is crucial to avoid excessive pruning, as this could affect the plant's overall health and growth.
Propagation of Voacanga bracteata Stapf var. lanceolata Stapf
Voacanga bracteata Stapf var. lanceolata Stapf can be propagated through various methods which include:
Seed Propagation
The plants produce a number of seeds after the flowering period, which can be used to propagate the plant. Collect the ripe fruits from the mother plant and remove the seeds. Soak the seeds in warm water for 24 hours to loosen the seed coat and to promote germination. After soaking, plant the seeds in a well-draining soil mix and cover them with a thin layer of soil. Water gently, and then place it in a warm, humid, and partially shaded area. Germination can take about four to six weeks.
Vegetative Propagation
Voacanga bracteata Stapf var. lanceolata Stapf can also be propagated through vegetative means. This can be achieved by taking cuttings from the mother plant. Cuttings should be made from healthy plants, and at least five leaves should be included. Dip the end of the cutting into rooting hormone powder and plant it in a well-draining soil mix. Water gently, and then cover the cutting with a plastic bag to retain moisture. Place the cutting in a warm, humid, and partially shaded area. Rooting typically takes about four to six weeks.
Division Propagation
Another way to propagate Voacanga bracteata Stapf var. lanceolata Stapf is through division. This involves digging up the mother plant, and then gently dividing the rootball into several smaller sections. Each section should have a healthy stem and some roots. Replant the divided sections in well-draining soil mix and water gently. Place them in a partially shaded area. Division is best done in the spring.
Disease and Pest Management for Voacanga bracteata Stapf var. lanceolata Stapf
Voacanga bracteata Stapf var. lanceolata Stapf, commonly known as the African peach, is a plant species that is often grown for its medicinal properties. Like with many other plants, African peach is susceptible to various diseases and pests, which can damage the plant and, if not managed early, lead to complete loss. Here are common diseases and pests that affect African peach and how to manage them effectively.
Common Diseases
1. Root rot: African peach is prone to root rot, which is caused by fungi that thrive in damp and poorly drained soils. Symptoms of root rot include yellowing of leaves, stunted growth, and wilting. To manage root rot, ensure that the soil is well-drained and avoid overwatering the plant.
2. Powdery mildew: This is a fungal disease that affects many plants, including the African peach. Powdery mildew appears as white powder on the surface of leaves and stems, and it can cause yellowing and dropping of leaves. To manage this disease, avoid overcrowding plants, provide adequate air circulation, and remove infected parts of the plant.
Common Pests
1. Mealybugs: These are small, soft-bodied insects that suck sap from the plant, causing wilting and stunted growth. Mealybugs appear as white, cottony patches on the leaves, stems, and roots. To manage mealybugs, remove infected plant parts and use insecticidal soap or neem oil.
2. Spider mites: These are tiny pests that suck sap from the plant, causing yellowing and browning of leaves. Spider mites often appear as webbing on the plant's surface. To manage spider mites, spray the plant with water to dislodge them, and use insecticidal soap or neem oil.
By being aware of these diseases and pests that affect African peach and taking appropriate measures to manage them, you can help ensure that your plant is healthy and productive.
