Overview
Viscum subserratum Schltr. is a flowering plant belonging to the family Santalaceae. It is also commonly known as "Mistletoe," "Guando," or "Viscose."
Origin
Viscum subserratum Schltr. is native to the tropical regions of South America, particularly in the countries of Brazil, Colombia, Peru, and Venezuela. Nowadays, it grows in other parts of the world, including Southeast Asia, Africa, and the Caribbean.
General Appearance
Viscum subserratum Schltr. is a parasitic shrub that grows on the branches of other trees, particularly those of the Anacardiaceae, Aquifoliaceae, and Meliaceae families. It can grow up to 60cm in length and has small, oval-shaped leaves that are a shiny green color. Its flowers are small and yellowish-green, and its fruits grow in clusters, looking a lot like tiny berries.
Uses
Viscum subserratum Schltr. has been traditionally used in different cultures as a medicine for a variety of ailments. It has been known to be useful for treating hypertension, asthma, and nervous disorders. Its extract is said to possess anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, and immune-stimulating properties. Some people also use it as a natural remedy for anxiety and depression. However, it is important to note that more scientific research is needed to determine its effectiveness and safety for these uses.
Light Requirements
Viscum subserratum Schltr. is an epiphytic plant and grows in partial to deep shade. It requires filtered or diffuse light and cannot tolerate direct sunlight.
Temperature Requirements
The plant grows best within a temperature range of 18-28°C. It can tolerate temperatures as low as 10°C but cannot survive freezing temperatures. The optimal temperature for the growth and development of the plant is around 23°C.
Soil Requirements
As an epiphytic plant, Viscum subserratum Schltr. does not grow in soil. Instead, it grows on the bark of trees. It is commonly found growing on trees such as oak, maple, birch, and apple. The plant obtains its nutrients and moisture from the bark of the host tree.
The host tree must have a relatively smooth bark to allow the roots of Viscum subserratum Schltr. to adhere securely. The plant prefers trees with a diameter of at least 10 cm but can also grow on smaller trees. The tree must be healthy and should not be suffering from any disease or insect infestations.
Cultivation Methods
Viscum subserratum Schltr., commonly known as mistletoe, is a parasitic plant that grows on a variety of trees. It can also be grown by placing mistletoe seeds on the branches of a host plant. To successfully cultivate mistletoe, you need to select the right host tree and position the mistletoe seeds correctly. The best time to plant mistletoe seeds is in the fall when the fruits are ripe.
Watering Needs
Mistletoe doesn't require much watering as it gets most of its nutrients and water from its host tree. However, if you are growing mistletoe as an independent plant, you should keep it moist but not waterlogged. Water the plant when the top inch of soil feels dry to the touch.
Fertilization
Because mistletoe obtains most of its nutrients from its host tree, it doesn't require any fertilization. However, if you are growing mistletoe as a houseplant or in a container, you should fertilize it with a balanced fertilizer once a month during the growing season, from spring to fall.
Pruning
Mistletoe doesn't require pruning as it has no real structure or form of its own. However, if mistletoe is growing on your host tree and affecting its growth, you may need to remove it. Cut the mistletoe stem as close to the host branch as possible, making sure not to damage the host tree.
Propagation of Viscum subserratum Schltr.
Viscum subserratum Schltr. is typically propagated through seeds or stem cuttings. Here are the two methods:
Propagation through Seeds
Viscum subserratum Schltr. can be propagated through seed germination. It is recommended to use fresh seeds for the best results. The seeds should be sown in well-draining soil and kept moist until they germinate. Germination can take up to 3-4 weeks. Once the seedlings have grown a few leaves, they can be transplanted into larger pots or planted directly in the ground.
Propagation through Stem Cuttings
Stem cuttings can also be used to propagate Viscum subserratum Schltr. The ideal time to take stem cuttings is during the spring or early summer. Cut a stem from the plant that is at least 4-6 inches long and remove the leaves from the bottom half. Dip the cut end in rooting hormone and plant it in well-draining soil. Keep the soil moist and in a warm, humid area until roots begin to form. Once the roots have established, the new plant can be transplanted into a larger pot or planted in the ground.
Disease Management
Viscum subserratum Schltr. is considered a hardy plant but may still be affected by diseases such as:
- Phytophthora root rot: a fungal disease that causes the roots to rot and may eventually lead to the death of the plant. To manage this disease, ensure proper drainage and avoid overwatering. You can also use fungicides to control the disease.
- Leaf spot: caused by different types of fungi, leaf spot can cause the leaves of the plant to develop spots and eventually turn yellow and fall off. Remove the affected leaves and ensure proper airflow around the plant.
- Powdery mildew: appears as a white powdery substance on the leaves, stems, and flowers of the plant. To prevent powdery mildew, ensure proper airflow and water the plant at the base, avoiding getting water on the leaves. Use fungicides to control the disease.
Pest Management
Viscum subserratum Schltr. may also be affected by pests such as:
- Aphids: small insects that suck the sap from the leaves, causing them to curl and eventually fall off. Use insecticidal soap or neem oil to manage aphids.
- Scale insects: appear as small bumps on the leaves and stems of the plant. They suck sap and secrete a sticky substance that attracts ants. Use neem oil or horticultural oil to manage scale insects.
- Spider mites: small, spider-like mites that suck sap from the leaves and cause them to turn yellow and fall off. Use insecticidal soap or neem oil to manage spider mites.
Regularly inspecting the plant and monitoring for any signs of diseases or pests is the best way to prevent them from becoming a problem. It's also essential to maintain proper care of the plant, including proper watering, fertilizing, and pruning, to keep it healthy and strong.
