Origin
Viola ×subsinuata (Greene) Greene (pro sp.) is a biennial or perennial plant that is native to western North America, including California, Arizona, New Mexico, Nevada, and Oregon.
Common Names
Viola ×subsinuata is commonly known as the Sand Mountain Violet, White Mountain Violet, and Variable-petaled Violet.
Uses
Viola ×subsinuata has traditional medicinal uses among Native American communities. The plant has been used for its emetic properties, treating headaches, and for colds and lung problems. The leaves of the plant are edible and can be used in salads.
General Appearance
Viola ×subsinuata is a small, low-growing plant that typically reaches a height of 2 to 6 inches. The plant has rounded, lobed leaves that are arranged in a rosette. The leaves are green with a slightly fuzzy texture on the surface. The flowers of the plant are white or pale blue with purple veins, and they bloom between February and August. The petals of the flowers are variable in shape, with some being round and others being narrow. The plant reproduces through rhizomes, producing shoots that emerge from the ground.
Viola ×subsinuata is often found in sandy or rocky soils in desert mountains and canyons between 2,000 and 10,000 feet in elevation. The plant is often seen growing in open grasslands, chaparral, or mixed coniferous forests.
Light Requirements
Viola ×subsinuata plants grow best in partial to full shade. They prefer 2-4 hours of direct sunlight per day but can tolerate less. Direct sunlight for prolonged periods can cause leaf scorching and other damage to the plant. The ideal location for these plants is under the canopy of trees or near a north-facing wall that receives dappled sunlight.
Temperature Requirements
These plants are native to the Mediterranean region and can tolerate a wide range of temperatures. They prefer a temperature range of 60-70°F (15-21°C) during the day and 40-50°F (4-10°C) at night. They can tolerate temperatures as low as 20°F (-6°C) but may require protection in extremely cold climates.
Soil Requirements
Viola ×subsinuata plants prefer moist, well-draining soil with a pH range of 6.0-7.5. They can tolerate a range of soil types, including loam, sandy soil, and rocky soil. Adding organic matter to the soil can improve its quality and increase its ability to retain moisture. These plants do not tolerate waterlogged soil and require good drainage to thrive.
Cultivation of Viola ×subsinuata (Greene) Greene (pro sp.)
Viola ×subsinuata is a hardy perennial plant that is easy to care for with proper cultivation methods. The plant is native to North America and grows well in a range of soil types, but prefers well-draining soil. When picking a spot for your Viola ×subsinuata, make sure it gets plenty of light, but not direct sunlight.
Watering Needs of Viola ×subsinuata (Greene) Greene (pro sp.)
Viola ×subsinuata requires moderate watering to thrive. The plants should be watered when the soil feels dry to the touch. Overwatering can lead to root rot and can harm the plant. Using a watering can or gentle watering system on a low setting can be helpful when watering these plants.
Fertilization of Viola ×subsinuata (Greene) Greene (pro sp.)
Viola ×subsinuata is not a heavy feeder and does not require frequent fertilization. A light application of a balanced fertilizer, such as a 10-10-10 formula, in the early spring can encourage healthy growth. It is not recommended to fertilize the plant during blooming season.
Pruning of Viola ×subsinuata (Greene) Greene (pro sp.)
Viola ×subsinuata does not require heavy pruning and can be left to grow naturally. However, removing dead or yellowing leaves can promote healthier growth and improved airflow around the plant. Pruning should be done in the early spring before the plant starts to flower.
Propagation of Viola ×subsinuata
Viola ×subsinuata (Greene) Greene (pro sp.), commonly known as the streambank violet, may be propagated through different methods, depending on the grower's preferences. Here are some propagation techniques that one may consider.
Seed propagation
The easiest way to propagate Viola ×subsinuata is through seed propagation. Seeds can be harvested from matured pods and planted immediately. However, for greater success rates, growers may choose to carry out a cold stratification process.
Cold stratification usually takes 30-60 days, during which the seeds are placed in a moist environment with temperatures ranging from 33-41°F (1-5°C). This process mimics the winter season and allows the seeds to naturally germinate when spring comes. Growers may then transplant the germinated seeds into individual containers or outdoors, depending on the location.
Division
Another propagation technique for Viola ×subsinuata is through division. This method allows growers to produce an exact replica of the parent plant. Division is best carried out in early spring or late fall.
To divide the plant, gently remove it from the soil and locate the rhizomes. The rhizomes can then be separated into sections, each with several leaves and new roots. Growers may then plant the cloned rhizomes in individual containers or outdoors, depending on their location.
Leaf Cuttings
Viola ×subsinuata may also be propagated through leaf cuttings. This method may be attempted if the plant is actively growing and has several leaves to spare. Here's how one can propagate the plant through leaf cuttings.
Gently take a leaf cutting from the parent plant, ideally one with a petiole. Using a sterilized knife, cut the leaf into sections, each with a section of petiole. Remove any lower leaves and dip the cuttings in rooting hormone. Insert the cuttings into a container filled with well-draining soil and water them adequately. Cover the container with a plastic bag to increase humidity and maintain moisture levels. The new Viola ×subsinuata plants should root within 4-6 weeks and can be transplanted into individual containers or outside into the garden.
Disease and Pest Management for Viola ×subsinuata (Greene) Greene (pro sp.)
Viola ×subsinuata (Greene) Greene (pro sp.), commonly known as the sand violet, is a hardy plant that can tolerate a range of growing conditions. However, like all plants, it can be affected by a number of diseases and pests, which can affect its growth and survival.
Common Diseases
One of the most common diseases that affects Viola ×subsinuata is powdery mildew. This is a fungal disease that causes a white powdery coating to appear on the leaves of the plant. To manage this disease, remove any affected leaves and ensure there is good air circulation around the plant. In severe cases, a fungicide can be used.
Violet root rot is another fungal disease that can affect Viola ×subsinuata. This disease causes the plant to wilt and the leaves to turn yellow. The roots of the plant can also become mushy and discolored. To manage this disease, remove any infected plants, and avoid planting in areas where this disease has been a problem in the past.
Common Pests
One of the most common pests that affects Viola ×subsinuata is the aphid. These tiny insects feed on the sap of the plant, and can cause the leaves to curl and become distorted. To manage this pest, spray the plant with a strong stream of water to knock them off, and introduce natural predators such as ladybugs.
The leaf beetle is another common pest that can affect Viola ×subsinuata. These insects eat the leaves of the plant, leaving behind a jagged edge. To manage this pest, handpick them off the plant and dispose of them. You can also introduce natural predators, such as birds.
It is important to monitor Viola ×subsinuata regularly for signs of disease and pests. Early detection and management can help prevent the spread of these problems and keep your plants healthy and thriving.
