Origin
Viola erythraea (Fiori) Chiov. var. soyrae Chiov. is a subspecies of the Viola erythraea species that belongs to the Violaceae family. It is native to the Mediterranean region, particularly in Italy and Greece.
Common Names
The plant is commonly known as the Italian Violet or the Eritrea Pansy.
Uses
Viola erythraea var. soyrae has several medicinal uses. It is known for its anti-inflammatory and diuretic properties and is commonly used to treat conditions like urinary tract infections, rheumatism, and skin irritations. In traditional medicine, it has also been used for respiratory problems such as bronchitis and asthma. The plant is also used in the production of perfumes and cosmetics.
General Appearance
Viola erythraea var. soyrae is a perennial plant that grows up to 10-30cm in height. It has a rosette of heart-shaped leaves that grow to approximately 3-5cm in length. The flowers are single and grow on stems that are shorter than the leaves. The flowers have five petals that are typically reddish-purple in color with dark veins. The plant blooms from April to June and produces small fruits that contain numerous seeds.
Light requirements
Viola erythraea (Fiori) Chiov. var. soyrae Chiov. grows well in partial to full sunlight. However, it can also thrive in shaded areas as long as there is sufficient light for photosynthesis. As a general rule, it requires at least four hours of direct sunlight every day.
Temperature requirements
This plant is hardy and can grow in a wide range of temperatures. However, it prefers cooler temperatures between 10 to 25°C. Temperatures above 30°C can be detrimental to its growth and development. In the winter, it can tolerate frost as low as -10°C.
Soil requirements
Viola erythraea (Fiori) Chiov. var. soyrae Chiov. prefers well-draining, moist, and nutrient-rich soil. It grows best in soils with a pH between 5.5 and 7.5. To improve the soil quality, it is recommended to add organic matter such as compost or manure. In addition, the soil should be kept consistently moist, but not waterlogged, to promote healthy growth.
Cultivation methods
Viola erythraea (Fiori) Chiov. var. soyrae Chiov. is generally a hardy plant that doesn't require special care. It grows best in well-drained soil that is rich in organic matter and slightly acidic. The plant thrives in full sun to partial shade and requires at least 6 hours of direct sunlight daily.
The best way to cultivate this plant is by starting it from seeds indoors for approximately 6-8 weeks before transplanting. Once the plant is a bit established, it is transferred to a pot or directly placed in the garden bed. Seeds can be sown in early spring or fall, and they have a shallow rooting depth, so be careful not to cover them too deep.
Watering needs
Viola erythraea (Fiori) Chiov. var. Soyrae Chiov. requires regular watering, especially during the hot summer months. It is ideal to water them once or twice per week, depending on weather conditions. It is best to keep the soil moist and prevent water from accumulating in the soil. Overwatering may cause root rot, which may affect the plant's growth performance.
To check whether the plant needs water, thrust a finger into the soil. If it feels dry, watering is needed. When watering the plant, make sure to water at the plant's base and avoid wetting the leaves. Wet leaves can potentially lead to fungal and bacterial infections.
Fertilization
Regular fertilization is essential for healthy growth and flowering. Use a balanced fertilizer with equal amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. Apply the fertilizer once a month, starting from early spring to late summer. It is best to follow the fertilizer's directions and to avoid over-fertilizing that may lead to weak growth.
Additionally, applying a 2-inch layer of compost around the plant, mixed with the topsoil, will help keep the soil fertile and aerated, providing the plant with its required nutrients.
Pruning
Pruning can help maintain the plant's shape and promote healthy growth and flowering. Deadheading or removing faded flowers after they bloom can encourage the plant to produce more blooms. Depending on the plant's size, prune up to one-third of the plant's total height in late winter or early spring. Additionally, prune any damaged and diseased branches to avoid spreading infections to other parts of the plant.
Propagation methods for Viola erythraea (Fiori) Chiov. var. soyrae Chiov.
Propagation of Viola erythraea (Fiori) Chiov. var. soyrae Chiov. can be done through seeds or vegetative means like cuttings and division.
Seeds:
Seeds of Viola erythraea (Fiori) Chiov. var. soyrae Chiov. are sown in pots or trays of well-draining soil in early spring. The seeds should be lightly covered with soil and kept moist. They can be germinated at a temperature of 20°C. The seedlings can be transplanted to individual pots when they have developed their first true leaves. They can be grown in a shaded position in a greenhouse until they are large enough to transplant outdoors.
Cuttings:
Viola erythraea (Fiori) Chiov. var. soyrae Chiov. can be propagated by taking stem cuttings in summer. The cuttings must be taken from the tips of healthy stems, around 10 cm in length. Remove the leaves from the lower half of the cutting, and dip the cut end in rooting hormone powder. Plant the cuttings in moist, sandy soil and keep them in a shaded position with high humidity. The cuttings will develop roots within 3-4 weeks and can be transplanted to individual pots. They can be moved outdoors once they have grown sufficiently.
Division:
Viola erythraea (Fiori) Chiov. var. soyrae Chiov. can also be propagated by dividing the parent plant in early spring. Dig up the plant and use a sharp knife or spade to divide the rootball into smaller sections with each section having healthy growth and roots. Replant the divisions in a well-draining soil at the same depth as before and water them regularly. The divisions should be kept in a shaded position until they are established roots and new growth.
Disease Management:
Viola erythraea (Fiori) Chiov. var. soyrae Chiov. is relatively resistant to diseases. However, certain fungal and viral diseases can affect the plant's growth and productivity. The following are some common diseases that might impact the plant:
- Cercospora leaf spot: It is a fungal disease affecting the leaves, causing small, brown-to-purple circular spots. To manage this disease, remove the infected leaves and use a fungicide.
- Powdery mildew: It is another fungal disease that affects the plant, causing a white powdery growth on the leaves. To manage this disease, remove the infected leaves and use a fungicide.
- Mosaic virus: It is a viral disease that causes mottling and distortion of the leaves. There is no cure for this disease, so it is essential to remove and destroy the infected plants to prevent the spread of the virus.
Pest Management:
Viola erythraea (Fiori) Chiov. var. soyrae Chiov. is susceptible to certain pests that can cause significant damage to the plant. The following are some common pests that might infest the plant:
- Aphids: They are small, pear-shaped insects that feed on the leaves, causing the leaves to curl and turn yellow. To manage this pest, use insecticidal soap or neem oil.
- Spider mites: They are tiny pests that feed on the plant's sap, causing yellowing and browning of the leaves. To manage this pest, remove the infected leaves and use a miticide.
- Slugs and snails: They are common pests that feed on the leaves, causing irregular holes. To manage this pest, use traps or baits or handpick them.
Regular inspection of the plant is essential to detect any signs of disease or pest infestation. It is advisable to maintain good plant hygiene and sanitation practices, such as removing infected plant debris, to prevent the spread of diseases and pests. Additionally, it is crucial to select disease-resistant cultivars and use organic pest control methods to manage diseases and pests effectively.
