Overview
Viola abyssinica Steud. ex Oliv. var. eminii Engl. is a species of Viola that is found in Ethiopia. It is commonly known as Emin's violet and is known for its medicinal properties and ornamental value. The plant belongs to the Violaceae family and is considered a valued plant in traditional medicine.
Appearance
Viola abyssinica Steud. ex Oliv. var. eminii Engl. is a small, herbaceous plant that grows up to 30cm tall. The leaves are heart-shaped with a green upper surface and a pale, hairy underside. The flowers are pink or purple and have five petals, with a yellow center. The plant blooms from February to July, and the seeds are scattered by the wind.
Origin
This plant is native to Ethiopia and is found scattered throughout the country. It is usually found in grasslands, open woodlands, and along streams or rivers.
Common Names
Viola abyssinica Steud. ex Oliv. var. eminii Engl. is commonly known as Emin's violet, Ethiopian violet, and Abyssinian violet.
Uses
Viola abyssinica Steud. ex Oliv. var. eminii Engl. plant has medicinal properties and is used in traditional medicine. The leaves and roots are used to treat stomach ailments, respiratory problems, and skin diseases. The plant is also used as an ornamental plant in gardens and parks.
Light Requirements
Viola abyssinica Steud. ex Oliv. var. eminii Engl. prefers bright, indirect sunlight to grow properly. The plant cannot tolerate direct sunlight for long periods as it may scorch the leaves. A windowsill that receives only partial sunlight or a spot near a north-facing window would be ideal for the plant's growth.
Temperature Requirements
The typical growth temperature for Viola abyssinica Steud. ex Oliv. var. eminii Engl. ranges from 60°F to 75°F. It is important to avoid exposing the plant to temperatures below 50°F or above 85°F, which can cause the plant to wilt and die. If the plant is placed outside, it should be brought indoors before the temperature drops below 50°F in the evening.
Soil Requirements
The soil requirements for Viola abyssinica Steud. ex Oliv. var. eminii Engl. are well-drained, slightly acidic loamy soil. A soil PH range of 5.5 to 6.0 is ideal for the plant's growth. If the soil is too clayey, the plant may not thrive as the roots may be unable to penetrate the soil. A soil mixture that includes peat moss and perlite will ensure that the plant's roots are well-drained.
Cultivation methods
Viola abyssinica Steud. ex Oliv. var. eminii Engl. is a perennial species that grows up to 25 cm tall. It requires partial shade to sun exposure and well-draining soil. Prior to planting, ensure that the soil is mixed with compost and sand to promote proper drainage. Take note that this plant does not perform well in the presence of weeds, thus necessitating weed control practices.
Watering needs
When it comes to watering Viola abyssinica, the plant requires a significant amount of water to encourage lush, green foliage and vibrant blooms. During the growing period, ensure that the soil is moist but not soaked. Be mindful of overwatering, which can lead to root rot. Reduce watering in the fall to prepare the plant for winter dormancy.
Fertilization
Fertilization is a critical aspect of maintaining healthy Viola abyssinica plants. Opt for balanced fertilizers, rich in phosphorus, nitrogen, and potassium, and include trace minerals. Fertilize the plant in the spring and mid-summer to boost growth.
Pruning
Pruning Viola abyssinica is necessary to keep the plant in shape and promote the growth of new shoots. In the fall, cut back the stems to one inch above the soil level. The cut stems can be propagated or removed entirely. You can deadhead spent flowers regularly to stimulate the growth of new blooms.
Propagation Methods of Viola abyssinica Steud. ex Oliv. var. eminii Engl.
Viola abyssinica Steud. ex Oliv. var. eminii Engl. is a perennial herbaceous plant with a compact growth habit. It is commonly propagated through two methods, which are:
Seed Propagation
Seeds are the most common method for propagating Viola abyssinica Steud. ex Oliv. var. eminii Engl. The seeds can be collected from the mature plant, and should be sown in a fertile soil mixture that is moist but not waterlogged. The seeds should be lightly covered with soil, and placed in a warm, well-lit place. Viola abyssinica Steud. ex Oliv. var. eminii Engl. seeds usually germinates within 2-3 weeks.
Once the seedlings have reached a height of about 10-15 cm, they can be transplanted into individual pots. This will allow for the development of a strong root system. It is advisable to keep the soil moist and to provide the seedlings with a balanced liquid fertilizer.
Division Propagation
Viola abyssinica Steud. ex Oliv. var. eminii Engl. can also be propagated by dividing the root ball. This is best done during the plant's active growth phase in the spring. To propagate the plant by division, gently lift it out of the soil, and using a sharp and clean knife or garden scissors, divide the root ball into two or more sections. Each section should have its own growth point and a healthy root system. The divided plants can then be planted in the new locations, watered well, and maintained in the same way as the parent plant.
Both methods of propagation of Viola abyssinica Steud. ex Oliv. var. eminii Engl. are effective, and it is recommended to carry out propagation during the early spring. Propagation can help in creating new plants and maintaining the genetic diversity of the species.
Disease and Pest Management for Viola abyssinica Steud. ex Oliv. var. eminii Engl.
Viola abyssinica Steud. ex Oliv. var. eminii Engl. is a flowering plant that is susceptible to several diseases and pests. Effective disease and pest management practices are necessary to maintain a healthy plant.
Common Diseases
Some common diseases that might affect Viola abyssinica Steud. ex Oliv. var. eminii Engl include;
- Anthracnose: It is a fungal disease that attacks the leaves, stems, and flowers. Infected plant parts appear waterlogged, and dark-brown spots are seen on leaves and stems. Infected flowers do not develop well and may fall prematurely. You can manage anthracnose by pruning and destroying infected parts and using fungicides.
- Bacterial blight: It causes the yellowing and wilting of leaves. The spots may appear water-soaked and translucent. The plant can be managed by removing diseased plant parts and using copper-based fungicides.
- Root rot: It is caused by soil-borne fungi that attack the roots, leading to wilting and yellowing of leaves. The plant can be managed by reducing soil moisture levels, improving soil drainage, and using fungicides.
Common Pests
Several pests can attack Viola abyssinica Steud. ex Oliv. var. eminii Engl, and they include;
- Aphids: They are small, soft-bodied insects that feed on plant sap. They can be controlled by washing plants with water and by using insecticidal soaps and neem oils.
- Cutworms: They are caterpillar-like larvae that chew at the base of the plant, leading to plant wilting and death. You can manage cutworms by handpicking and destroying them or by using beneficial nematodes.
- Spider mites: They are tiny insects that suck plant sap, leading to stunted growth, yellowing of leaves, and webbing of the plant. You can manage spider mites by washing plants with water, using insecticidal soaps and neem oils.
Monitoring your plants regularly and adopting good cultural practices such as proper soil drainage, appropriate fertilization, and watering practices can also help prevent pest and disease problems in Viola abyssinica Steud. ex Oliv. var. eminii Engl.
