Overview
Vinca major L. subsp. major is a plant that belongs to the Apocynaceae family. It is commonly known as greater periwinkle, bigleaf periwinkle, large periwinkle, and blue periwinkle. This plant is said to be a native of Europe. However, it has been introduced to several regions of the world as an ornamental plant.
Appearance
Vinca major L. subsp. major is an evergreen perennial plant that can grow up to a height of 30-70 cm. It has ovate to lanceolate leaves that are about 5-10 cm in length. The leaves are dark green in color and have a glossy texture. The stem of the plant is slightly woody and can spread horizontally along the ground. The flowers of Vinca major L. subsp. major are lavender-blue in hue and are about 3-5 cm across. The flowers can bloom from April to September, depending on the location.
Uses
Despite being an ornamental plant, Vinca major L. subsp. major has several medicinal properties. The plant's parts, particularly the leaves, are used for their astringent, diuretic, and tonic properties. It has also been used as a remedy for nosebleeds, mouth ulcers, and sore throats. The plant's extracts are also used to treat high blood pressure and improve blood circulation. In some cultures, the plant is also considered a symbol of friendship and trust.
Vinca major L. subsp. major has also been used as ground cover in gardens. It is not only attractive but also helps to prevent soil erosion. The plant's ability to adapt to different soil types and light conditions makes it a great choice for landscapes.
However, it is important to note that Vinca major L. subsp. major is also considered invasive in some regions. It has the tendency to spread rapidly and crowd out native plant species. Therefore, it is essential to use caution when introducing the plant to a new location and to monitor its growth carefully.
Light Requirements
The plant Vinca major L. subsp. major grows best in partial to full shade, but can also tolerate full sunlight. In areas with hot summers, it benefits from being shaded during the hottest part of the day. Inadequate sunlight can cause reduced growth and thinner leaves.
Temperature Requirements
Vinca major L. subsp. major prefers a moderate to cool climate, with optimal growth occurring when temperatures range from 13 to 24°C (55 to 75°F). It can tolerate freezing temperatures once established, but excessive heat can cause leaf scorching or wilting.
Soil Requirements
The plant can grow in a range of soil types, but prefers moist, well-draining soil with a neutral pH between 6.0 and 7.5. It is somewhat drought tolerant, but prolonged periods of dryness can harm growth and blooming. It benefits from being mulched to retain moisture in the soil. Additionally, it is known to grow in soils with differing levels of fertility and in soil with high salinity.
Cultivation methods of Vinca major L. subsp. major
Vinca major L. subsp. major can be cultivated in a variety of soil types, but it thrives best in well-draining soil with some organic matter. The plant prefers partial to full shade but can tolerate a few hours of direct sunlight each day. The best time for planting in warm climates is during late winter or early spring when the soil is warm.
When planting Vinca major L. subsp. major, ensure that the soil is moist and the spacing between plants is at least twelve inches apart. Before planting, dig the soil to a depth of 20 cm, breaking up any clods of dirt and removing any rocks. Once the plant is in the ground, press the soil around the roots gently and water the plant thoroughly, covering the area around the roots with mulch to retain moisture.
Watering needs of Vinca major L. subsp. major
Vinca major L. subsp. major prefers moist soil with good drainage, but it can tolerate periods of drought. The plant should be watered regularly when the weather is dry, paying attention to watering the base of the plant.
Avoid overwatering the plant as this can lead to root rot. Watering should be done early in the morning or late in the evening to prevent evaporation and to ensure that the water is absorbed by the roots. In areas with heavy rainfall, it is advisable to provide a drainage system to prevent waterlogging.
Fertilization of Vinca major L. subsp. major
Fertilizer should be applied to Vinca major L. subsp. major once a month during the growing season. Use a balanced fertilizer that contains equal proportions of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. The fertilizer should be applied around the base of the plant and should be watered in thoroughly to prevent the roots from being burned.
Avoid applying fertilizer in the late fall or winter when the plant is dormant. Instead, apply a layer of organic mulch around the plant's base to provide nutrients to the soil over the winter months.
Pruning of Vinca major L. subsp. major
Pruning is essential to maintain the shape and health of Vinca major L. subsp. major. When the plant becomes too large or overgrown, it should be pruned to stimulate new growth and to promote the production of flowers.
The best time to prune the plant is in the late winter or early spring when the plant is dormant. However, pruning can be done at any time of the year if needed. The plant should be pruned back to within four to six inches of the base to prevent damage to the plant and to encourage healthy growth. Dead and diseased branches should be removed as soon as they are noticed.
Propagation of Vinca major L. subsp. major
Vinca major L. subsp. major, also known as large periwinkle, is a perennial trailing vine native to Europe and western Asia. It is commonly grown for its ornamental value and ability to provide ground cover. Here are some of the propagation methods for this plant:
Propagation through stem cuttings
One of the easiest ways to propagate Vinca major is through stem cuttings. Take 4-6 inch cuttings from the plant during the growing season and remove the leaves from the lower half of the stem. Dip the cut ends in rooting hormone and plant them in moist potting soil. Keep them in a warm and humid environment, and water them regularly. In a few weeks, the cuttings will grow roots and can be transplanted into their permanent locations.
Propagation through division
Dividing Vinca major plants is a common propagation method, especially if you want to rejuvenate an overgrown plant or simply increase your stock. Dig up the plant clump in early spring or fall and carefully separate the individual stems and roots. Replant each section in its own pot or garden bed with well-draining soil and water it thoroughly.
Propagation through seeds
Although Vinca major can be grown from seeds, it is not the preferred propagation method because the seeds are slow to germinate and may not produce plants that are true to the parent plant's characteristics. However, if you still want to try propagating through seeds, collect the mature seed pods, dry them out, and plant the seeds indoors in late winter. Keep the soil moist and at a temperature of around 70°F, and be patient, as the seeds may take several weeks to germinate.
Disease and Pest Management for Vinca major L. subsp. major Plant
Vinca major L. subsp. major, commonly known as Greater Periwinkle, is a hardy and low maintenance perennial plant. However, it can still be affected by various pests and diseases. Here are some common diseases and pests that might affect the plant and ways to manage them:
Leaf Spot
Leaf spot is a disease caused by fungi that leads to circular spots on the plant's leaves. These spots are dark brown with yellow borders, and they can spread and merge if not treated promptly. To manage leaf spot, remove the infected leaves and dispose of them. Fungicides can also be used as a preventive measure.
Phytophthora Root Rot
Phytophthora root rot is a disease caused by water molds that thrive in damp and poorly drained soil. The roots of affected plants become dark and mushy, and the leaves wilt and turn yellow. To manage phytophthora root rot, improve the soil drainage by adding organic matter and transplant the plant to a well-drained location.
Mites and Aphids
Mites and aphids are common pests that suck the sap from the plant's leaves and stems, causing them to curl and turn yellow. To manage mites and aphids, use insecticidal soap or neem oil to control their population. Additionally, pruning the affected parts of the plant can also help prevent the spread of these pests.
Deer
Deer are herbivores that can cause damage to Vinca major L. subsp. major plants by eating their leaves and stems. To manage deer, consider using physical barriers such as deer fencing or netting. Additionally, using deer repellent sprays or planting deer-resistant plants in the same area can also be effective.
By taking proper measures to manage diseases and pests, Vinca major L. subsp. major plants can thrive and add beauty to any garden or landscape.
