General Description
Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. ssp. sesquipedalis (L.) Verdc. is a type of legume that is commonly known as the yardlong bean or snake bean. As its name suggests, the yardlong bean can grow up to one yard in length, making it an impressive addition to any garden. The plant is often grown as an annual and is known for its vigorous growth and high yields.
Origin
The yardlong bean is native to Africa and is widely cultivated in Asia. It is believed to have been brought to Asia by Arab traders during the 14th century and has since become a staple in many Asian cuisines. Today, it is grown throughout the world in tropical and subtropical regions.
Common Names
The yardlong bean is known by many names, depending on the region in which it is grown. In addition to its common names of yardlong bean and snake bean, it is also called Chinese long bean, asparagus bean, and pea bean, among others.
Uses
The yardlong bean is a versatile vegetable that is often used in stir-fries, curries, and soups. It has a mild, slightly sweet flavor that pairs well with a variety of other ingredients. In addition to its culinary uses, the yardlong bean is also valued for its nutritional content. It is a good source of protein, fiber, and vitamins A and C.
Aside from its culinary and nutritional uses, the yardlong bean also has a number of other practical uses. Its long, slender shape makes it a popular plant for use in trellises and as a decorative addition to gardens. It is also used as a cover crop to improve soil fertility and reduce erosion.
Light Requirements
Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. ssp. sesquipedalis (L.) Verdc. requires at least 6 to 8 hours of direct sunlight daily for optimal growth and production. It is a photophilic plant that grows well under bright light conditions. Insufficient light can result in reduced growth rates, lower yield, and weak stems.
Temperature Requirements
The plant grows well in warm temperatures ranging from 25? to 35?. It is not tolerant of cold weather and frost and does best when the minimum temperature is above 18?. Extreme temperatures above or below the plant's optimal range can lead to stunted growth, wilting, and death.
Soil Requirements
Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. ssp. sesquipedalis (L.) Verdc. thrives in well-drained soils with a pH ranging from 6.0 to 7.0. The soil should be rich in organic matter, and the plant requires regular fertilization to maintain good growth and high yields. The plant is not tolerant of saline soils or waterlogging, which can lead to stunted growth and poor yields.
Cultivation Methods
Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. ssp. sesquipedalis (L.) Verdc., commonly known as yard-long bean, is a warm-season crop that requires a sunny location for growth. It is an annual plant that can grow up to 12 feet in height. The seeds need warm soil to germinate, and the plant requires regular watering for proper growth. It can be grown in containers, raised beds, or directly in the ground.
Watering Needs
The yard-long bean plant requires regular watering for proper growth. Adequate soil moisture is necessary for the production of tender and sweet pods. The frequency of watering depends on the climate and soil type. In hot and dry areas, the plants need to be watered more frequently, while in cooler and humid regions, less frequent watering is required. It is preferable to water the plant in the early morning or late evening to avoid water evaporation and leaf scorching during the hotter parts of the day.
Fertilization
The yard-long bean plant requires nitrogen-rich fertilizers for growth and proper development. The application of compost or well-rotted manure is beneficial to enrich the soil nutrients. Using a balanced fertilizer with a higher nitrogen content can also provide the necessary nutrients for the plant. Fertilizers should be applied before planting and again at the time of flowering. Avoid over-fertilizing, as it can lead to excessive vegetative growth and fewer yields.
Pruning
The yard-long bean plant requires minimal pruning. It is beneficial to remove dead or diseased leaves to prevent the spread of diseases. It is also favorable to remove the lower leaves of the plant to improve air circulation and decrease the likelihood of disease. Pinching out the growing tips of the plant helps in bushier growth and increases yields. It is best to prune the plant in the morning or evening to avoid sunscald on the leaves.
Propagation of Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. ssp. sesquipedalis (L.) Verdc.
Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. ssp. sesquipedalis (L.) Verdc. can be propagated by seeds or cuttings.
Propagation by Seeds
Seeds of Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. ssp. sesquipedalis (L.) Verdc. are sown in the field during the main season when the soil is warm enough. The seeds are sown at a depth of 4 to 5 cm and at a spacing of 30 to 45 cm between rows and 10 to 15 cm between plants within a row. The seeds germinate within 5 to 7 days after sowing.
The crop matures within 60 to 70 days after sowing. The plants bear long pods that can be harvested when they are young and tender.
Propagation by Cuttings
Propagation by cuttings is also possible in Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. ssp. sesquipedalis (L.) Verdc. Cuttings are taken from mature plants and planted in the field during the main season. The cuttings should be about 20 to 25 cm in length and should be planted at a depth of 10 to 15 cm and at a spacing of 30 to 45 cm between rows and 10 to 15 cm between plants within a row.
The cuttings will take about 15 to 20 days to root and start growing. Once the plants are established, they can be treated as normal field-grown plants.
Disease Management for Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. ssp. sesquipedalis (L.) Verdc.
Vigna unguiculata is susceptible to a range of diseases caused by fungi, bacteria, and viruses.
Fusarium Wilt
Fusarium wilt is a fungal disease that causes wilting, yellowing, and stunting of infected plants. The fungus can survive in the soil for many years and can be spread via contaminated soil or plant residues. To manage this disease, avoid watering the plant excessively and ensure good drainage. Crop rotation and the use of resistant varieties can also help to control the disease.
Anthracnose
Anthracnose is caused by a fungal pathogen that affects the stem, leaves, and pods of the plant. Symptoms include brown spots on the leaves, stem, and pods, as well as premature fruit drop. To control this disease, remove infected plant debris and avoid overhead irrigation. Application of fungicides may also help to manage the disease if it is severe.
Halo Blight
Halo blight is a bacterial disease that predominantly affects leaves and pods of the plant, causing water-soaked lesions, which turn brown and are surrounded by a yellow halo. Crop rotation, seed treatment, and use of resistant varieties can help to manage the disease. Also, the application of copper-based fungicides can be effective in managing the disease.
Pest Management for Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. ssp. sesquipedalis (L.) Verdc.
Vigna unguiculata is also vulnerable to pest infestations that can significantly reduce yield. Here are some of the common pests that may affect the plant and ways to manage them.
Aphids
Aphids can cause significant damage to the plant by feeding on it and transmitting viruses. To control the aphids, spray the plant with insecticidal soap or neem oil. Beneficial insects like ladybugs, lacewings, and parasitic wasps can also help to control aphids.
Thrips
Thrips can cause leaf distortion and reduce plant vigor. To manage this pest, keep the area around the plant clean and free of debris. Spray with neem oil or insecticidal soap if the infestation is severe.
Mites
Mites feed on the underside of leaves and can cause yellowing, stunted growth, and deformities. Use insecticidal soap or neem oil to manage the mite population. Ensure the plant is adequately hydrated to prevent drought stress that can make it more susceptible to mites.
