Overview
Viburnum dentatum L. var. semitomentosum Michx. is a deciduous shrub that belongs to the Adoxaceae family. It is commonly known as smooth arrowwood or where it is native, southern arrowwood.
Origin and Distribution
Smooth arrowwood is native to the eastern United States, specifically in the south-central region from Missouri to Alabama. It grows in moist habitats such as stream banks, swamps, and wet woods, and can grow up to 15 feet high.
Appearance
The plant is characterized by its dark green, glossy leaves that have a toothed margin and grow up to four inches long. In the fall, the leaves turn yellow, orange, or red, adding to its ornamental value. The shrub also produces clusters of small, white flowers in the spring, which are followed by blue-black berries that serve as a food source for wildlife.
Uses
Smooth arrowwood is commonly used in landscaping due to its ornamental appeal and for erosion control due to its extensive root system. The fruit it produces is also edible and has been used for making pies and jams. The plant is also known for its medicinal properties, with traditional use including treating fever, headache, and stomach ailments.
Growth Conditions for Viburnum dentatum L. var. semitomentosum Michx.
Viburnum dentatum L. var. semitomentosum Michx., commonly known as southern arrowwood, is a deciduous shrub that belongs to the Adoxaceae family. It is a native plant in the eastern United States that typically grows in moist soils along stream banks and in wetlands. The plant can grow up to 12 feet tall and 8 feet wide, and it produces flat-topped clusters of creamy-white flowers in late spring followed by dark blue-black fruits in the fall.
Light Requirements
Viburnum dentatum L. var. semitomentosum Michx. prefers full sun to partial shade. In areas with hot summer temperatures, the plant grows best in partial shade to protect it from the intense sunlight. However, in shady areas, the plant may not produce as many blooms or fruits as it would in full sun.
Temperature Requirements
The southern arrowwood is a hardy plant that can grow in a wide range of temperatures. It can tolerate temperatures as low as -20°F and as high as 100°F. The plant is suitable for USDA hardiness zones 3 to 8.
Soil Requirements
The southern arrowwood grows best in moist, well-drained soils. It can tolerate a range of soil types, including acidic to slightly alkaline soils. However, it does not grow well in extremely wet or dry soils. The plant prefers soils that are rich in organic matter, which helps it hold moisture and nutrients.
Cultivation
Viburnum dentatum L. var. semitomentosum Michx. is a small deciduous shrub that is easy to cultivate and care for. It is native to North America and is widely grown in gardens and landscapes across the United States.
To cultivate this species of Viburnum dentatum, choose a location that receives full to partial sunlight. The plant prefers well-draining soil that is slightly acidic and can tolerate a range of soil types, including sand, loam, and clay. It is recommended to plant in the spring or fall, during the cooler months when temperatures are more moderate.
Watering Needs
Viburnum dentatum L. var. semitomentosum Michx. requires regular watering, particularly during the first year of growth, to establish a healthy root system. This shrub prefers moist soil but can tolerate short periods of drought once established. Water the plant deeply but infrequently, allowing the soil to dry out slightly between waterings.
Fertilization
Viburnum dentatum L. var. semitomentosum Michx. benefits from occasional fertilization during the growing season. Use a slow-release fertilizer that is specifically formulated for shrubs and follow the manufacturer's instructions. Avoid over-fertilization, which can lead to excessive growth and reduce the plant's overall health.
Pruning
Viburnum dentatum L. var. semitomentosum Michx. requires minimal pruning to maintain its shape and promote healthy growth. Prune in late winter or early spring before new growth appears. Remove any dead or diseased branches, as well as any crossing or rubbing branches. Avoid heavy pruning, which can reduce flowering and damage the plant's structure.
Propagation of Viburnum dentatum L. var. semitomentosum Michx.
There are several effective methods for propagating Viburnum dentatum L. var. semitomentosum Michx., including:
Cuttings
Cuttings are a common method for propagating Viburnum dentatum L. var. semitomentosum Michx. Cuttings should be taken from healthy plants in summer when the new growth is mature but not woody. The cuttings should be 6 inches long and should include at least one node. Remove the lower leaves and dip the cut end in rooting hormone, and then plant the cutting in a container filled with a rooting medium. Keep the container in a warm, humid place with bright, indirect light until the cutting roots.
Layering
Layering involves bending a lower branch of the parent plant down to the soil and covering it with soil to encourage the branch to root. Once the branch has rooted, it can be severed from the parent and planted separately. Layering can be done in late winter or early spring before the plant begins to leaf out.
Division
Viburnum dentatum L. var. semitomentosum Michx. can also be propagated through division, but this method can be more challenging due to the plant's deep root system. To divide the plant, carefully dig up the plant and separate it into sections, making sure that each section has enough roots and foliage to survive. Replant the sections in well-draining soil and water well.
Disease Management
Viburnum dentatum L. var. semitomentosum Michx. is generally a hardy plant, but it is still prone to certain diseases.
Anthracnose
Anthracnose is a fungal disease that can cause defoliation, twig dieback, and even plant death. To manage this disease, prune infected twigs and remove fallen leaves. Consider treating with fungicides registered for use on ornamental plants.
Mildew
Mildew is a fungal disease that causes a powdery coating on leaves. Remove infected plant parts and ensure adequate air circulation around the plant. Consider treating with fungicides registered for use on ornamental plants if the disease persists.
Pest Management
Viburnum dentatum L. var. semitomentosum Michx. is also vulnerable to certain pests, which can cause significant damage to the plant.
Whiteflies
Whiteflies are small, winged insects that feed on plant sap. To manage whiteflies, introduce natural predators such as ladybugs and lacewings. If infestations are severe, consider treating with insecticides registered for use on ornamental plants.
Scale Insects
Scale insects are small, immobile pests that suck sap from plants. Prune and dispose of heavily infested plant parts and consider treating with insecticides registered for use on ornamental plants.
