Origin and Common Names
Veronica persica Poir. var. aschersoniana (Lehm.) Boivin, commonly known as the birdeye speedwell, is a herbaceous annual plant that belongs to the Plantaginaceae family. The species is native to Europe and Asia but has found its way in different parts of the world.
Uses
The plant has various medicinal uses. It is used as an astringent, antispasmodic, and diuretic. The infusion from its leaves and stem is used to treat flu, fever, and sore throat. In traditional Chinese medicine, the plant is used in the treatment of various ailments such as respiratory infections, bronchitis, and coughs. Additionally, the plant is used as an ornamental plant, especially in rock gardens.
General Appearance
The plant has an erect stem that can reach up to 30 cm. Its foliage is small, opposite, and oval-shaped, measuring 2-3 cm long and 1-2 cm wide. The leaves have smooth margins and are slightly hairy. The plant produces numerous tiny flowers that are light blue or violet. Each flower has four petals that form a tubular shape, and each petal is about 2-3 mm long. The plant blooms from April to July. It produces small fruits that contain multiple seeds.
Light Requirements
Veronica persica Poir. var. aschersoniana (Lehm.) Boivin typically prefers full sun to partial shade to develop and grow most vigorously. In partial shade, the plant may not produce as many blooms and leaves as it would in full sunlight.
Temperature Requirements
The plant is adaptable and can tolerate a range of temperatures, but it thrives most in areas with a moderate climate. During the growing period, it prefers temperatures between 15°C to 25°C (59°F to 77°F) to develop new leaves, blooms, and branches optimally. Winter temperatures that are too low may cause the plant to become dormant.
Soil Requirements
Veronica persica Poir. var. aschersoniana (Lehm.) Boivin prefers well-drained, moist, and slightly acidic soils that are rich in organic matter. Waterlogged soils may cause root rot, which can kill the plant. It also performs best in soils with pH levels between 6.0 and 7.0.
Cultivation Methods
Veronica persica Poir. var. aschersoniana (Lehm.) Boivin are best grown in well-draining soil under full sunlight. These plants grow in USDA Zones 3-8. If you want to grow these plants in containers, choose a pot with drainage holes, and use a well-draining potting mix. These plants can be propagated by seeds, stem cuttings, or division of established plants.
Watering Needs
These plants prefer moist soil but do not tolerate waterlogging. Water the plant regularly, once a week, or when the soil surface feels dry to the touch. If you are growing these plants in containers, be careful not to overwater. Overwatering can cause root rot, which can be fatal to the plant.
Fertilization
Fertilize Veronica persica Poir. var. aschersoniana (Lehm.) Boivin using a balanced fertilizer in the spring, and then again in late summer. Follow the recommended dosage on the fertilizer package. Over-fertilizing can cause excessive growth, weak stems, and fewer flowers.
Pruning
Prune these plants after flowering to maintain their shape and encourage bushier growth. Cut back one-third of the plant's length, removing any dead, broken, or diseased stems. You can also pinch back the tips of the stems during the growing season to promote branching and increase the number of flowers.
Propagation Methods
Veronica persica Poir. var. aschersoniana (Lehm.) Boivin can be propagated through various methods such as seeds, division, and cuttings.
Propagation through Seeds
Seeds can be collected from mature plants and planted in a well-prepared seedbed during the spring or autumn. The seeds should be sown at a depth of 1-2 mm and spaced about 15-20 cm apart. Water them regularly to keep the soil moist until the seedlings emerge.
Propagation through Division
The plant can also be propagated through division. Divide the mature plants during the early spring before new growth appears. Gently dig up the plant and separate the root ball into two or more pieces, ensuring that each division has some shoots and roots. Replant the divisions immediately in a well-prepared bed and water them regularly until they establish.
Propagation through Cuttings
Propagation through cuttings is an ideal method for ensuring the genetic traits of a desirable plant. Take softwood or semi-hardwood cuttings during the growing season (spring to autumn). Cut a 7-10 cm stem from the parent plant, remove the leaves from the bottom two-thirds of the stem, dip the cut end into rooting hormone, and plant in a well-draining potting mix. Place the pot under shade and water it regularly until roots develop, then transplant the new plant into a well-prepared bed.
Disease Management
Veronica persica Poir. var. aschersoniana (Lehm.) Boivin is relatively resistant to diseases. However, several fungal diseases may affect the plant, such as powdery mildew and septoria leaf spot.
Powdery Mildew: This fungal disease affects the leaves and stems, causing a white powdery coating. It can lead to stunted growth and reduced flowering. To manage powdery mildew, remove the affected leaves, increase air circulation by pruning and spacing, and apply fungicides.
Septoria Leaf Spot: This fungal disease affects the leaves, causing small brown spots with yellow halos. It can cause defoliation and reduced flowering. To manage septoria leaf spot, remove the affected leaves, increase air circulation, and apply fungicides.
Pest Management
Veronica persica Poir. var. aschersoniana (Lehm.) Boivin is rarely affected by pests. However, some insects may infest the plant, such as aphids and spider mites.
Aphids: These small insects feed on the leaves and stems, causing wilting and deformation. They also produce honeydew, which attracts ants. To manage aphids, use insecticidal soap or neem oil, prune heavily infested stems, and attract natural predators like ladybugs.
Spider Mites: These tiny insects feed on the underside of leaves, causing yellowing and stippling. They also produce webbing, which covers the leaves. To manage spider mites, increase air humidity, use insecticidal soap or neem oil, and prune heavily infested stems.
