Overview
Uvariodendron gossweileri (Exell) Exell & Mendonça is a flowering plant species that belongs to the family Annonaceae. This species is commonly known as "Makisa" and is native to Central Africa, specifically in Angola and Democratic Republic of the Congo. It is a tree species that can reach 20-30 meters high and is commonly found in tropical rainforests.
Appearance
The Uvariodendron gossweileri tree has a straight trunk that can reach up to 80 centimeters in diameter. It has branches that are covered in a brown scaly bark and glossy green leaves that are oblong-shaped and can grow up to 12 centimeters long. When in bloom, the tree produces small yellow-green flowers that are not particularly showy, with a diameter of about 1-2 centimeters.
Uses
The Uvariodendron gossweileri tree and its bark, roots, and leaves have been traditionally used by indigenous people for various medicinal purposes. The bark of the tree is reported to have antipyretic, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory properties and has been used to treat fever, pain, and arthritis. The leaves have been traditionally used to treat wounds and skin infections, while the roots have been used as a remedy for various digestive disorders.
The fruit of the Uvariodendron gossweileri tree is also edible and has been used as a food source by indigenous people. The fruit is small, about 2-3 centimeters in diameter, and has a sweet and sour taste similar to a grape. The fruit is also used to produce a local beverage in some regions, which is said to have several health benefits.
Due to its potential medicinal properties, the Uvariodendron gossweileri tree has been the subject of several scientific studies in recent years, with researchers investigating its potential use in the treatment of various diseases.
Light Requirements
Uvariodendron gossweileri typically grows well in shady or partially shady conditions. It prefers conditions with moderate to low light intensity and cannot tolerate direct sunlight for extended periods. In its natural habitat, it grows under the canopy of other trees that provide shade and filtered light.
Temperature Requirements
The plant thrives in warm temperatures as it is native to tropical regions. It prefers temperatures between 20 and 30 degrees Celsius, but can tolerate temperatures as low as 15 degrees Celsius. Temperatures below 15 degrees Celsius can cause harm to the plant. In colder regions, the plant can be grown indoors or in greenhouses where temperatures can be regulated to a suitable range.
Soil Requirements
Uvariodendron gossweileri prefers well-drained soils that are rich in organic matter. The soil should be moist, but not waterlogged. In the wild, the plant grows in soils that are nutrient-rich and have a pH range of 6.0 to 6.5. When grown in containers or gardens, the soil should be regularly fertilized with a balanced fertilizer to ensure optimal growth and development.
Cultivation Methods
Uvariodendron gossweileri is a subtropical plant that can be grown both indoors and outdoors. It prefers well-draining soil that is high in organic matter and a slightly acidic pH between 5.5 and 6.5. It requires full sun to thrive. In terms of temperature, it can tolerate a range between 50°F and 85°F.
Watering Needs
Uvariodendron gossweileri needs consistent moisture in its soil, but it should not be overwatered as this can cause root rot. The soil should be allowed to dry out partially, but not completely, in between watering. As a general rule, it is best to water moderately once a week and adjust based on the plant's needs. Water should be added to the soil, and it should not come into contact with the leaves, as this can cause leaf burns.
Fertilization
Uvariodendron gossweileri is not a heavy feeder, but it does benefit from regular fertilization. During the growing season, it is best to fertilize every two weeks using a balanced, water-soluble fertilizer. Alternatively, slow-release fertilizers can be incorporated into the soil during planting.
Pruning
Uvariodendron gossweileri naturally grows into a tree shape. However, it can also be trained as a bush or shrub by regular pruning. The best time to prune is in late winter or early spring before new growth emerges. When pruning, it is essential to use sharp, clean pruning shears and to make clean cuts close to the stem. Dead or diseased wood should be removed immediately to prevent pests and diseases from taking hold. Additionally, limbs that cross or rub against one another should be pruned to prevent damage.
Propagation of Uvariodendron gossweileri
Uvariodendron gossweileri can be propagated through both seed propagation and vegetative propagation methods.
Seed propagation
The seeds of Uvariodendron gossweileri have a short storage life, so they must be sown immediately after collection to ensure the highest germination rates. The seeds can be sown in seed trays or containers filled with a mixture of peat and perlite, and covered with a thin layer of soil. The trays should be kept in a warm and humid environment, which can be achieved by covering them with plastic or placing them in a greenhouse. Germination usually occurs within two to four weeks.
Vegetative propagation
Uvariodendron gossweileri can also be propagated through vegetative methods such as stem cuttings and air layering. Stem cuttings should be taken from healthy and mature plants during the growing season. The cuttings should be approximately 10 to 15 cm long, with at least two nodes. The lower leaves should be removed, and the cuttings should be treated with a rooting hormone before being planted in a rooting medium.
Air layering involves making a small incision in the stem of the plant and applying rooting hormone to the area. A small amount of sphagnum moss is then wrapped around the wound, which is covered with plastic to maintain humidity. Roots will emerge from the wound in a few weeks, and the newly rooted plant can be removed and planted in a separate container.
Regardless of the propagation method used, it is important to provide the newly propagated plants with the proper growing conditions, including adequate water, light, and nutrients. With proper care, Uvariodendron gossweileri can be successfully propagated and grown in a variety of settings.
Disease Management
Uvariodendron gossweileri is vulnerable to certain diseases. One of the most common diseases affecting this plant is Powdery Mildew. Symptoms of this disease include a white, powdery substance on the leaves of the plant, distortion of leaves, stunted growth, and premature leaf drop. To prevent this disease, it is crucial to keep the plant dry and well-ventilated. In case of an infestation, you can use a fungicide specifically formulated for powdery mildew.
Phytophthora Root Rot is another disease that can affect this plant. This is a soil-borne disease and affects the roots of the plant. Symptoms of this disease include yellowing leaves, wilting, and eventual death of the plant. To prevent this disease, it is important to provide proper soil drainage to avoid waterlogging. In case of an infestation, you may consider using a soil fumigant or a fungicide.
Pest Management
Pests can also damage Uvariodendron gossweileri. One of the most common pests that can infest this plant is the spider mite. Spider mites are small pests that can suck the sap from the leaves of the plant, causing them to turn yellow and eventually fall off. To prevent spider mites, it is important to keep the plant well-hydrated and mist the leaves regularly. In case of an infestation, you can use an insecticide specifically formulated for spider mites.
The mealybug is another pest that can infect Uvariodendron gossweileri. Mealybugs are small, white, and fluffy insects that can be found on the stems and undersides of plant leaves. They suck the sap from the plant, weakening it over time. To prevent mealybugs, it is essential to keep the plant dry and free from debris. You can also use insecticides specifically formulated for mealybugs to eradicate them in case of an infestation.
