Plant Description
Uvaria muricata Pierre ex Engl. & Diels var. suaveolens (Louis ex Boutique) Le Thomas, also known as Sweet-Scented Uvaria, is a flowering plant belonging to the Annonaceae family. This plant is native to tropical regions of Africa, including Madagascar.
Common Names
Sweet-Scented Uvaria is commonly known as Murici-do-brejo in Brazil, Vijayasar in India, and Graviola in Spanish-speaking countries.
Uses
Sweet-Scented Uvaria has various medicinal properties and has been used for centuries in traditional medicine. The plant is used to treat a range of health issues such as fevers, infections, digestive problems, and hypertension. It is also said to have anti-cancer properties, although further research is needed to validate this claim. The edible fruit of the plant is said to be nutritious and is used to make juices and desserts in some countries. The timber from the Sweet-Scented Uvaria tree is also used in construction and for making furniture.
General Appearance
The Sweet-Scented Uvaria is a small tree or shrub that can grow up to 10 meters tall. The leaves are dark green, shiny, and oval-shaped. The flowers of the plant are yellowish-green and have a sweet fragrance. They grow in clusters and bloom throughout the year. The fruit of the plant is oval-shaped, green, and covered in small bumps. It can grow up to 30 cm long and weighs up to 5 kg. The pulp of the fruit is white, juicy, and sweet, with a sour taste. The seeds of the fruit are black and shiny.
Light Requirements
Uvaria muricata Pierre ex Engl. & Diels var. suaveolens (Louis ex Boutique) Le Thomas thrives in partial shade to full sun exposure. In an ideal setting, the plant should receive at least four to six hours of sunlight every day.
Temperature Requirements
The plant prefers tropical to subtropical environments and can grow best in temperatures ranging between 20 and 35°C (68 to 95°F). It can tolerate temperatures as low as 10°C (50°F) but is sensitive to frost.
Soil Requirements
Uvaria muricata Pierre ex Engl. & Diels var. suaveolens requires well-drained, fertile soil that is enriched with organic matter. It can thrive in sandy loam, clay loam, and lateritic soils.
The pH range of the soil should be between 6.0 and 7.5, and it should be moderately acidic to slightly alkaline.
The soil's nutrient content must be optimal for favorable growth and yield of the plant. During its flowering and fruiting period, it needs an adequate supply of potassium to form fruits, while nitrogen, phosphorus, and calcium are crucial in vegetative growth.
Cultivation methods
Uvaria muricata Pierre ex Engl. & Diels var. suaveolens (Louis ex Boutique) Le Thomas, commonly known as the Cherimoya Annona, is a tropical plant that requires specific cultivation methods to thrive. The plant requires well-draining soil with a pH ranging from 6.5 to 7.5. It should be grown in an area with plenty of sunlight and high humidity. Also, the plant needs protection from strong winds and frost.
Watering needs
Uvaria muricata requires regular watering to thrive, especially during the dry season. Water should be applied deeply to ensure that the roots receive enough moisture. However, waterlogging the soil should be avoided, as it can lead to root rot and other fungal diseases. It's essential to allow the soil to dry out slightly between watering sessions, as the plant prefers well-draining soil.
Fertilization
Uvaria muricata requires regular fertilization to thrive. Apply a balanced, slow-release fertilizer once a month. Additionally, the plant may need additional nutrients like magnesium, zinc, and iron. A foliar spray made from seaweed or fish emulsion can provide these nutrients. However, it's crucial to follow the manufacturer's recommendations and not over-fertilize the plant, as it can lead to root burn.
Pruning
Uvaria muricata requires minimal pruning to ensure it maintains its natural shape. The best time to prune is during the dormant season, which is in late winter or early spring. The plant should be pruned to remove any dead, diseased, or damaged branches. Also, it is necessary to thin out any crowded or crossing branches to maintain proper airflow and light penetration to the interior of the plant. Proper pruning will help the plant produce good fruit and improve its overall health.
Propagation of Uvaria muricata Pierre ex Engl. & Diels var. suaveolens (Louis ex Boutique) Le Thomas
Uvaria muricata Pierre ex Engl. & Diels var. suaveolens, also known as Soursop, is propagated through different methods such as seed propagation, stem cuttings, and grafting. However, seed propagation is the most common method used for growing this plant.
Seed Propagation
Seeds should be obtained from mature fruits that are fully ripened. The pulp of the fruit should be removed to obtain the viable seeds. The seeds are then washed and dried before planting. They can be sown directly into prepared soil or placed in seed trays filled with a sowing mix. Seeds should be sown at a depth of 2 cm. Germination can take up to 4-6 weeks.
Stem Cuttings Propagation
Uvaria muricata can be propagated by stem cuttings taken from mature trees. Cuttings should have a length of 15-20 cm and should be taken from the middle or upper part of the tree. The lower leaves of the cutting should be removed, and the cuttings should be dipped in rooting hormone before planting. Cuttings are then planted in a rooting medium in a well-drained container with a clear plastic cover to maintain humidity. The container should be kept in a warm, partially shaded location to enhance root development, and should be watered regularly.
Grafting Propagation
Grafting is a common propagation method used for Uvaria muricata. The scion should be obtained from a mature tree while the rootstock should be a seedling plant of the same species. The scion should be grafted onto the rootstock and allowed to heal before the plant is transplanted into soil.
Regardless of the propagation method used, the young Uvaria muricata plant should be placed in well-draining soil with adequate watering and sunlight. The plant usually takes 2-3 years to bear fruit.
Disease and Pest Management for Uvaria muricata Pierre ex Engl. & Diels var. suaveolens
Uvaria muricata Pierre ex Engl. & Diels var. suaveolens, commonly known as the sweet-scented anon or sugar apple, is vulnerable to a range of diseases and pests. Here are some common issues that might affect the plant, and ways to manage them:
Anthracnose
Anthracnose is a fungal disease that can cause brown spots on leaves, stems, and fruit. To manage anthracnose, prune off any infected plant parts and dispose of them properly. Use fungicides that contain copper or sulfur to protect the plant against further infections.
Fruit Fly
The fruit fly is a common pest that can damage Uvaria muricata's fruit. To control fruit flies, keep the area around the plant clear of fallen fruit, as overripe fruit attracts the insects. Use pheromone traps to capture adult fruit flies.
Mites
Mites are tiny pests that can cause yellowing or curling of the leaves. To manage a mite infestation, rinse the plant with water or use insecticidal soap. Prune off any heavily infested plant parts.
Caterpillars
Caterpillars can chew on leaves, causing damage to the plant. To manage caterpillars, physically remove them from the plant and dispose of them properly. Use insecticides that contain Bacillus thuringiensis to control caterpillar populations.
Root Rot
Root rot is a fungal disease that can cause wilting and yellowing of the leaves, as well as stunted growth. To manage root rot, avoid overwatering the plant and ensure that the soil has proper drainage. Use fungicides that contain chlorothalonil to control root rot infections.
By following these guidelines, you can help prevent and manage diseases and pests that might harm Uvaria muricata Pierre ex Engl. & Diels var. suaveolens, allowing it to thrive and produce healthy fruit.
