Origin and Common Names
Urochloa oligotricha (Fig. & De Not.) Henrard is a species of grass native to South and Central America, but it is fairly common in the Caribbean, Florida, and several other parts of the world. It is commonly known as bushgrass, stargrass, or Bennington grass.
Appearance
The Urochloa oligotricha is a tufted grass that can grow up to 1 meter tall. It has a short and thick stem that can vary in color from yellowish to greenish. The leaves of this plant are flat and have a pointed shape, measuring about 10–20 cm long and 3–5 mm wide. The leaf sheaths are also hairy, which is a unique characteristic of this species. The flowers of Urochloa oligotricha grow in clusters, with each spikelet containing one to three flowers.
Uses
Urochloa oligotricha has many uses in different fields, such as agriculture, medicine, and ecology. This plant provides grazing pasture for livestock and is often cultivated as a forage crop due to its high nutritional value and palatability. Urochloa oligotricha is also commonly used in traditional medicine for its anti-inflammatory properties and as a treatment for gastrointestinal disorders. Additionally, this grass is used in ecological restoration projects due to its ability to fix nitrogen and its resistance to fire and drought.
Light requirements
Urochloa oligotricha plants typically require full sunlight to grow well. Therefore, it is recommended to keep the plant in an open area with direct exposure to sunlight throughout the day.
Temperature requirements
The plant generally grows well within a range of 20°C to 35°C. However, the ideal temperature for Urochloa oligotricha should be between 25°C and 30°C. Excessively high or low temperatures could affect plant growth and development.
Soil requirements
Urochloa oligotricha plants prefer well-drained soils with a neutral pH of 6.0 to 7.5. The plant does not tolerate waterlogged or poorly drained soils, which can considerably reduce plant growth and development. Adequate soil fertility is also essential for optimal plant growth. It is advisable to add organic manure or compost to enhance soil fertility levels.
Cultivation Methods
Urochloa oligotricha is a warm-season grass, commonly found in pastures and fields. It is a highly adaptable plant that can thrive in a wide range of soils, but does best in well-drained, loamy soils. If you want to cultivate it, make sure your soil has a pH between 6.0 and 7.0.
Plant your Urochloa oligotricha seeds in the early spring to early summer when the soil temperature is around 65-70°F. The seeds should be planted at a depth of about ¼ - ½ inch deep. Make sure to space your seedlings 6-12 inches apart.
Watering Needs
Urochloa oligotricha grass requires adequate watering to establish a deep root system in the soil. Regular watering is necessary during the first few months while the plant is still establishing itself. Avoid overwatering as it can lead to root rot and other diseases.
After the plant is fully established, you may reduce the frequency of watering. Watering once or twice a week might be enough, depending on the climate and soil conditions. However, if you notice the grass starting to wilt or turn yellow, increase the frequency of watering.
Fertilization
To keep your Urochloa oligotricha grass healthy and lush, you should fertilize it at least twice a year. Aim to fertilize in early spring and early fall to promote growth and development. Use a slow-release, nitrogen-rich fertilizer to encourage strong root development.
If you are unsure about the right type and amount of fertilizer, seek advice from a professional horticulturist or agriculturist. Over-fertilization can also lead to environmental pollution, so make sure to follow the recommended dosage and application guidelines.
Pruning
Pruning is not necessary for Urochloa oligotricha grass as it is a low-maintenance plant. However, if you notice the grass becoming too dense, it might be necessary to trim it down to ensure air circulation and sunlight penetration into the lower foliage. Pruning can also help prevent the growth of weeds that might compete with the grass for nutrients.
Use a sharp pair of pruning shears to trim down the grass blades to a height of 2-3 inches. However, avoid cutting the grass too short, as it can damage the roots and prevent further growth.
Propagation of Urochloa oligotricha
Urochloa oligotricha is a warm-season perennial grass species that belongs to the family Poaceae. It thrives in tropical and subtropical regions and serves as a forage crop for livestock. The plant has several propagation methods, including:
1) Seed propagation
The most common propagation method for Urochloa oligotricha is through seed. The plant produces viable seeds that can be collected, dried, and stored for later use. Seeds should be sown in prepared seedbeds or directly in the field during the rainy season. They should be covered with a thin layer of soil and watered regularly until germination occurs. The seedlings can be transplanted to their final planting location when they have at least two fully expanded leaves.
2) Vegetative propagation
Urochloa oligotricha can also be propagated vegetatively through stem cuttings. Stem cuttings should be taken from healthy plants and should be at least 30 cm long and 0.5 cm in diameter. Cuttings should be treated with a rooting hormone and planted in a well-prepared bed or container filled with a suitable rooting medium. The cuttings should be watered regularly and kept in a shaded area until they develop roots.
3) Division propagation
Division propagation involves splitting mature plants into smaller sections and transplanting them to a new location. This method is a quick way to propagate Urochloa oligotricha when seeds or stem cuttings are not available. The plant should be lifted from the ground using a spade or fork, and the root mass should be divided into smaller sections, each containing several healthy shoots. The sections should be replanted in a well-prepared bed or field, and watered regularly until the plants become established.
In conclusion, Urochloa oligotricha can be propagated through seed, stem cuttings, or division. Each method has its advantages and disadvantages, and the choice of propagation method depends on the availability of resources and the grower's preference.
Disease Management of Urochloa Oligotricha
Urochloa oligotricha is vulnerable to many plant diseases that can cause significant damage. Disease management is essential to avoid crop loss and ensure better plant growth. Here are some common diseases that might affect the plant and ways to manage them:
Frogeye Leaf Spot
Frogeye leaf spot is a fungal disease that causes brown spots with gray centers on the leaves. It can cause premature defoliation, reducing photosynthesis and yield. To manage this disease, farmers should use resistant cultivars, avoid planting soybeans in fields with a history of frogeye leaf spot, and apply fungicides. For the best results, apply fungicides during early growth stages.
Brown Patch
Brown patch is a fungal disease that affects the leaves and stems of Urochloa plants, causing circular or irregular brown patches. The disease favors humid and warm temperatures. The best way to manage this disease is to avoid over-fertilization and over-irrigation, improve soil drainage, mow the lawn regularly, and apply fungicides.
Rust
Rust is a fungal disease that causes yellow or orange spores on the leaves and stems of the plant. It can reduce plant vigor and yield. The disease thrives in humid and warm weather. To manage this disease, use rust-resistant cultivars, remove debris near the plants, and apply fungicides when needed. It is recommended to apply fungicides on the lower canopy of the plant, where rust tends to develop.
Pest Management of Urochloa Oligotricha
Urochloa oligotricha is susceptible to several insect pests that can cause significant damage and yield loss. Farmers should monitor their crops regularly to identify and manage insect infestations. Here are some common pests that might affect the plant and ways to manage them:
Fall Armyworm
Fall armyworm is a significant pest of Urochloa plants. It can cause severe damage, including defoliation and yield loss. Farmers should monitor their crops for fall armyworm regularly. Insecticides, biological control, and crop rotation are effective ways to manage the pest. Insecticide applications should be timed to coincide with the larvae stage of the pest for the best results.
Aphids
Aphids are common insect pests that suck the sap from the plant and damage its growth. They excrete a substance called honeydew, which can attract other pests like ants and sooty mold. The best way to manage aphids is to use natural predators like ladybugs or parasitic wasps, insecticidal soap, or neem oil. Farmers should also avoid over-fertilization and over-irrigation, which can attract aphids.
Cutworms
Cutworms are nocturnal caterpillars that cut the plants' stems at the base, causing wilting and death. Farmers can manage cutworms by handpicking or using biological control like nematodes. Insecticides can also be effective, but they should be applied during the evening or at night when cutworms are active. Proper tillage and removing crop residue can reduce the population of cutworms in the field.
