Overview
Umbilicaria hyperborea (Ach.) Hoffm. var. radicicula (J. E. Zetterst.) Hasselrot is a lichen species that belongs to the family Umbilicariaceae. It is commonly known as Arctic rock-shield or rock tripe lichen.
Origin
Arctic rock-shield is widespread in the northern hemisphere and can be found throughout the Arctic regions of North America, Europe, and Asia. It is commonly found growing on rocks, particularly on exposed, high-altitude cliffs and boulder fields.
Appearance
Arctic rock-shield has a distinctive and easily recognizable appearance. It forms large, dark greenish-brown thalli which typically measure between 5-15 cm in diameter. The thallus has a foliose (leaf-like) structure, and the margins are usually slightly curled upwards. The undersides of the thallus are white and have numerous root-like rhizines that attach the lichen to the substrate.
Uses
Arctic rock-shield has been used for various purposes by indigenous peoples in the Arctic regions. The lichen can be used as a food source in times of scarcity. It can be prepared by boiling or roasting, and its taste has been likened to that of jerky or beef. Additionally, Arctic rock-shield has been used as a traditional medicine to treat various ailments, including stomach disorders and respiratory problems.
Arctic rock-shield may be an important species to indigenous communities as it is a source of traditional knowledge, cultural value, and subsistence. In modern times, it is also valuable for its ecological properties and is an important indicator of air quality as it is highly sensitive to environmental pollution.
Growth Conditions of Umbilicaria hyperborea (Ach.) Hoffm. var.radacicular (J. E. Zetterst.) Hasselrot
Light Conditions: Umbilicaria hyperborea requires low to moderate light intensity. It grows in areas with partial shade, such as under the canopy of trees or in rock crevices where sunlight is filtered. Direct sunlight can harm this lichen, causing it to dry out and die as it needs a moist environment.
Temperature Requirements: Umbilicaria hyperborea is found in subarctic and alpine environments, where temperatures are cold year-round. It prefers temperature ranges of 5 to 15°C (41 to 59°F), but can typically survive in temperatures ranging from -30 to 20°C (-22 to 68°F). Additionally, it is frost-tolerant and can withstand harsh winter conditions.
Soil Requirements: This lichen prefers to grow on rocky substrates such as boulders, outcrops and cliffs. Since it can absorb nutrients and moisture from the atmosphere and its environment, the soil is not a significant factor in the growth of Umbilicaria hyperborea, although the composition of the bare rock does make a considerable difference. This plant is well adapted to growth in acidic rocky substrates, such as those rich in minerals like quartz or feldspar.
In general, Umbilicaria hyperborea var. radicicula grows in cool, moist environments with limited direct exposure to sunlight.
Cultivation methods
Umbilicaria hyperborea (Ach.) Hoffm. var. radicicula (J. E. Zetterst.) Hasselrot, commonly known as rock tripe, is a type of lichen that grows on rocks, cliffs, and boulders in regions with a humid climate. To cultivate this plant, it is essential to recreate the natural conditions of its habitat. The best way to start is by looking for a suitable location where the temperature ranges between 15 to 25°C, and the humidity levels are high. Once you have identified the perfect spot, you can start by clearing the area of any debris and removing any moss or other plant species that might be competing for nutrients. Next, you can prepare a substrate by mixing sphagnum moss, pH neutral mineral soil, small rocks, and gravel. This mixture should be compact and cover the bed where the plant will grow.Watering needs
Umbilicaria hyperborea (Ach.) Hoffm. var. radicicula (J. E. Zetterst.) Hasselrot does not require frequent watering as it obtains its moisture from the humid air. However, if you live in an arid region, you may need to water the plant once a week to maintain an adequate level of hydration. It is crucial to use distilled or rainwater as tap water can contain chlorine or other chemicals that can damage the plant.Fertilization
Umbilicaria hyperborea (Ach.) Hoffm. var. radicicula (J. E. Zetterst.) Hasselrot does not require fertilization as it absorbs nutrients from the air. However, if you notice that the plant's growth is slow, you can add a small amount of organic fertilizer to the substrate once a year.Pruning
Umbilicaria hyperborea (Ach.) Hoffm. var. radicicula (J. E. Zetterst.) Hasselrot does not require pruning as it grows slowly and does not develop stems or branches. If you notice any dead or damaged parts, you can remove them gently using a soft brush to avoid damaging the remaining tissue. It is also essential to avoid touching the surface of the lichen as it can easily detach from the substrate. Remember that Umbilicaria hyperborea (Ach.) Hoffm. var. radicicula (J. E. Zetterst.) Hasselrot is a delicate plant that requires specific environmental conditions to thrive. By replicating its natural habitat and providing adequate moisture and nutrients, you can enjoy the beauty of this lichen in your garden.Propagation of Umbilicaria hyperborea var. radicicula
Umbilicaria hyperborea var. radicicula is a lichen species that commonly grows on rocks and in soil. Propagation of this plant can be achieved through different methods, including fragmentation, soredia, and isidia.
Fragmentation
Fragmentation is the most common method of propagating Umbilicaria hyperborea var. radicicula. This process involves carefully breaking off a small piece of the lichen and placing it on a suitable substrate. The substrate should be moist and exposed to light, which will help the lichen establish itself and grow. This method is effective, but it requires care to ensure that the pieces of lichen are not damaged during collection and handling.
Soredia
Soredia are small, reproductive structures that form on the surface of the lichen. These structures contain both fungal hyphae and algal cells that can grow into a new plant. To propagate Umbilicaria hyperborea var. radicicula using soredia, gently collect some of the soredia and sprinkle them onto a suitable substrate. Ensure that the substrate is moist and exposed to light to promote growth. However, this method is less reliable than fragmentation as soredia don't always form on the lichen.
Isidia
Isidia are small, finger-like projections that grow on the surface of the lichen. These structures contain both fungal hyphae and algal cells, which can establish themselves on a suitable substrate and grow into a new plant. To propagate Umbilicaria hyperborea var. radicicula using isidia, gently collect some of the isidia and place them onto a suitable substrate. Ensure that the substrate is moist and exposed to light to promote growth. This method is less common than fragmentation and soredia propagation.
Overall, fragmentation is the most reliable method of propagating Umbilicaria hyperborea var. radicicula. However, careful handling and attention to the requirements of the substrate are necessary to achieve successful propagation of this plant.
Disease Management
Umbilicaria hyperborea var. radicicula is generally resistant to diseases, but under certain conditions, it may be affected by various types of fungal diseases. The most common fungal diseases that affect the plant are:
- Myrothecium Leaf Spot: This disease causes brown spots on the leaves and can lead to leaf drop. To manage the disease, remove the affected leaves and spray the plant with a fungicide containing copper or sulfur.
- Anthracnose: This disease causes dark, sunken spots on the leaves and stems, and can lead to defoliation. Remove the affected parts of the plant and apply a fungicide.
- Phytophthora Root Rot: This disease causes root rot, which can weaken the plant and lead to death. To manage the disease, remove the affected plant and avoid overwatering.
Pest Management
Umbilicaria hyperborea var. radicicula is not usually plagued by pests, but some insects may still attack the plant. The most common pests that might affect the plant are:
- Aphids: These pests suck the sap from the leaves and can weaken the plant. To manage them, spray the plant with insecticidal soap.
- Spider Mites: These pests are tiny and may cause yellow spots on the leaves. To manage them, spray the plant with a miticide. You can also increase the humidity around the plant to discourage them.
