Origin
Umbilicaria decussata (Vill.) Zahlbr., commonly known as the nail lichen or button lichen, is a type of lichen that can be found in many parts of the world like North America, Europe, Asia, and Africa.
Common names
This lichen has several common names including nail lichen, button lichen, and meshed lichen.
Uses
Umbilicaria decussata has been traditionally used in various areas of medicine like Chinese medicine and Native American medicine. The lichen is known to contain various compounds like alkaloids, depsides, and depsidones which have been found to have antiviral, antibiotic, and anti-inflammatory properties. It is also used in dyeing, and the color varies from brown, yellow, to greenish-gray.
General appearance
Umbilicaria decussata grows on rocks and trees and has a distinctive look with its brown or black, flat and scaly thallus. It has a diameter of 3-5 cm, and the center of the lichen usually has a small depression, which looks like a button or a nail. The rhizines, or the root-like structures that attach the lichen to the substrate, are shiny and black, distinguishing it from other lichens. The lichen forms branching patterns, forming a mesh of various sizes and shapes.
Light Requirements
Umbilicaria decussata prefers shaded to partially shaded areas. The plant will thrive in bright, indirect sunlight, but full sunlight should be avoided as it may lead to desiccation and damage to the thallus.
Temperature Requirements
The ideal temperature range for the growth and survival of Umbilicaria decussata is between 10°C to 20°C. The plant can tolerate temperatures as low as -20°C, but extreme heat should be avoided, particularly during the summer months.
Soil and Water Requirements
Umbilicaria decussata grows best on moist soils such as humus-rich loam or acidic soils like granite. The soil should be well-drained to avoid waterlogging, which may lead to decay of the thallus. The plant can tolerate drought for short periods but prefers consistently moist soil. Regular watering is necessary during dry spells.
Cultivation of Umbilicaria decussata
Umbilicaria decussata, commonly known as rock tripe, is a small fruticose lichen species that grows on rocks and cliffs. It is slow-growing and can take years to reach maturity. Cultivating this plant requires patience and attention.
The first step in cultivation is to select a location that mimics its natural habitat, creating a rock garden and providing adequate shade. A desirable location will offer a variety of rocks to which the lichen can attach itself, and the area should receive sunlight for a few hours per day.
Watering Needs
Umbilicaria decussata is a lichen that does not require watering. In fact, over-watering can harm the plant, so it is essential to allow it to thrive in its natural habitat.
Fertilization
Since Umbilicaria decussata is a lichen, fertilization is not necessary. It is essential to avoid using fertilizers or other chemicals, which can harm the plant's delicate structure.
Pruning
Pruning is not required for Umbilicaria decussata, as it is a slow-growing plant that will develop naturally in its environment. However, it is crucial to remove any debris or leaves that accumulate around the plant, as this can damage or kill the lichen.
Propagation of Umbilicaria decussata
Umbilicaria decussata (Vill.) Zahlbr., commonly known as the lichen rock tripe, is an edible lichen that belongs to the family Umbilicariaceae. It is a slow-growing, fruticose lichen species that is commonly found in North America, Europe, and Asia.
Propagation Methods
Propagation of Umbilicaria decussata can be done by three main methods:
1. Vegetative Propagation
Vegetative propagation is the easiest and most common method used for propagating Umbilicaria decussata. This method involves dividing the lichen thallus into smaller fragments and then attaching them to a suitable substrate, such as a rock or a piece of bark. The thalli will grow and expand to form a new colony. The propagation via thallus division is a suitable method since all parts of the fragments contain the lichen symbiotic relationship.
2. Soredia Propagation
Soredia propagation involves collecting soredia from mature lichen thalli of Umbilicaria decussata. Soredia are small, powdery propagules that form on the upper surface of the lichen thallus. These propagules are easily dispersed and can grow into a new lichen colony when they land on a suitable substrate. Soredia propagation can also be done by sprinkling the soredia onto a suitable substrate, such as a rock or a bark, and allowing them to grow into a new colony.
3. Isidia Propagation
Isidia propagation is a less common method used for propagating Umbilicaria decussata. Isidia are small, finger-like projections that grow on the lichen thallus. These projections detach and land on a suitable substrate, where they can grow into a new colony. Isidia propagation is a slower process compared to soredia or thallus propagation.
In conclusion, the propagation of Umbilicaria decussata can be done via vegetative, soredia, or isidia methods. Vegetative propagation is the easiest and most common method used for propagating Umbilicaria decussata.
Disease and Pest Management for Umbilicaria Decussata
Umbilicaria decussata (Vill.) Zahlbr. is a species of lichen that commonly grows on rocks and trees in humid environments. While this plant is known for its resilience, it can still fall victim to certain diseases and pests that affect its growth and overall health.
Common Diseases
One of the most common diseases that affects Umbilicaria decussata is lichen symbiosis disruption, which occurs when the lichen becomes chemically or physically separated from its symbiotic partner. This can lead to a decline in growth and reproduction. Additionally, fungal infections like black, white, and gray molds can also affect the plant. These diseases can be managed through the following methods:
- Removing and destroying infected plant parts to prevent the spread of disease
- Avoiding overhead watering to reduce the risk of fungal infections
- Using fungicides as a last resort, following all safety precautions to minimize harm to beneficial organisms in the area.
Common Pests
While Umbilicaria decussata is not commonly targeted by pests, certain insects and animals may feed on it and cause visible damage. Some common pests that may affect this plant include snails, slugs, and mites, among others.
- Handpicking pests and removing them from the area can be effective in controlling low-level infestations
- Applying organic insecticidal soaps and oils can also help control pests that feed on the lichen
- When using pesticides, follow the instructions carefully to minimize harm to beneficial organisms in the area.
By being vigilant and taking steps to manage these common issues, growers can ensure that their Umbilicaria decussata plants remain healthy and strong.
