Uapaca nitida Müll.Arg. var. suffrutescens P.A.Duvign.
Uapaca nitida Müll.Arg. var. suffrutescens P.A.Duvign. is a variety of the Uapaca nitida tree belonging to the family Phyllanthaceae. This small tree variety is native to the tropical regions of Africa, including Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Gabon, Ghana, and Nigeria.
Common Names
Uapaca nitida Müll.Arg. var. suffrutescens P.A.Duvign. is commonly known as the African Medlar, African cherry, Aku, and Okwe.
Uses
The fruit of the Uapaca nitida Müll.Arg. var. suffrutescens P.A.Duvign. is edible, with a sweet and juicy flavor. The fruits are commonly eaten fresh, used to make juice, and in some areas, the bark and leaves are used for medicinal purposes. The tree is also used for shade and ornamental purposes in gardens and parks. The hard and dense wood from Uapaca nitida is used for making furniture, tool handles, and in construction.
General Appearance
Uapaca nitida Müll.Arg. var. suffrutescens P.A.Duvign. is a small tree that grows up to 10 meters tall. The leaves are alternate, simple, glossy, and dark green. The flowers are small and inconspicuous, and the fruits are small, round, and green, turning yellow or red when mature.
The bark of Uapaca nitida is smooth and brown, with shallow vertical ridges and peeling flakes. The tree has a narrow, dome-shaped crown with an open, airy canopy.
Light Requirements
Uapaca nitida Müll.Arg. var. suffrutescens P.A.Duvign. prefers bright light but avoid direct sunlight, especially during the hot afternoon period. It is recommended to place them in bright, indirect light to simulate their natural growing conditions under the tropical canopy. Insufficient exposure to bright light can lead to the development of tall and leggy shoots and stunted growth.
Temperature Requirements
The plant can tolerate a wide range of temperatures from about 18°C to 35°C, making it ideal for growth in tropical and subtropical regions. Optimum temperatures for growth range between 24°C to 28°C. Lower temperatures can cause leaf dropping and yellowing, while higher temperatures can lead to wilting, sunburn, and retarded growth.
Soil Requirements
The plant prefers rich, well-draining soil that is slightly acidic or neutral. The soil should be kept moist but not waterlogged. The addition of organic matter like compost or leaf mold can improve the soil texture and fertility, promoting better root growth and nutrient uptake. It is recommended to repot the plant every 1-2 years to ensure adequate space for root development and replenishing nutrients in the soil.
Cultivation Methods
The Uapaca nitida Müll.Arg. var. suffrutescens P.A.Duvign. plant can be cultivated in a variety of soils, including loamy, sandy, and clay soils. It thrives in well-drained soils that are rich in organic matter. Optimal growth occurs in partial shade to full sun.
When planting, dig a hole that is twice as wide as the root ball and approximately the same depth. Place the plant in the hole and gently fill it with soil, tamping down lightly as you go. Water thoroughly after planting.
Watering Needs
Water the Uapaca nitida Müll.Arg. var. suffrutescens P.A.Duvign. plant regularly, especially during the growing season. Keep the soil moist but not waterlogged. Overwatering can lead to root rot, so make sure the soil has good drainage. During the winter months, reduce the frequency of watering.
Fertilization
Uapaca nitida Müll.Arg. var. suffrutescens P.A.Duvign. plant benefits from regular fertilization. You can apply a slow-release fertilizer during the growing season, or use a liquid fertilizer every two weeks. Be sure to follow the manufacturer's instructions for application rates and frequency.
Keep in mind that over-fertilization can cause damage to the plant, so it's essential not to use too much fertilizer. Symptoms of over-fertilization include yellow leaves, stunted growth, and leaf burn.
Pruning
Pruning the Uapaca nitida Müll.Arg. var. suffrutescens P.A.Duvign. plant can help maintain its shape and improve its overall health. You can prune the plant during the dormant season by removing dead or damaged branches.
If you want to control the size, shape, or density of the plant, you can also prune it during the growing season. Light pruning will encourage branching and promote a fuller plant. However, avoid pruning too much, as this can stress the plant and lead to reduced growth.
Propagation of Uapaca nitida Müll.Arg. var. suffrutescens P.A.Duvign.
Uapaca nitida Müll.Arg. var. suffrutescens P.A.Duvign. can be propagated through seeds and cuttings.
Propagation through Seeds
Seeds should be collected from the ripe fruits of the Uapaca nitida Müll.Arg. var. suffrutescens P.A.Duvign. plant. The seeds should be sown in a well-drained potting mix with organic content. The pot should be covered with plastic to maintain a moist environment. Germination usually occurs within two to three weeks.
Propagation through Cuttings
Uapaca nitida Müll.Arg. var. suffrutescens P.A.Duvign. cuttings can be collected from semi-mature stems. The cuttings should be approximately 8-10 cm in length and should include a node. The lower leaves should be removed, and the cutting should be dipped in a rooting hormone. The cutting should be planted in a well-drained potting mix with organic content. The pot should be covered with plastic to maintain a moist environment. Rooting usually occurs within four to six weeks.
Disease Management
Uapaca nitida is a hardy plant that is resistant to most diseases. However, certain fungal diseases can affect the plant. Powdery mildew, leaf spot, and anthracnose are the most common fungal diseases that can affect Uapaca nitida. Powdery mildew is characterized by a white powdery substance on leaves. Leaf spot manifests as spots on leaves, while anthracnose is characterized by dark, sunken lesions on stems and leaves.
To manage these fungal diseases, it is important to practice good cultural practices, including proper watering and fertilization, to maintain a healthy plant. Infected leaves and stems should be removed and disposed of properly to prevent the spread of the disease. Fungicides can also be used to manage these diseases.
Pest Management
Uapaca nitida is susceptible to several pests, including aphids, mealybugs, and spider mites. These pests can cause damage to the leaves and stems of the plant, which can affect growth and production. Colonies of aphids and mealybugs can be seen on the undersides of the leaves, while spider mites cause webbing on the plant.
To manage these pests, it is important to maintain good cultural practices, including proper watering and fertilization, to keep the plant healthy and able to defend itself against pests. Introducing natural predators, such as ladybugs, lacewings, and predatory mites, can also help control pests. Insecticidal soaps and oils can also be used to manage infestations.
Regular monitoring of the plant for signs of pests and diseases can help prevent severe infestations and infections. It is important to take action immediately to manage any pest or disease problems to prevent the spread of the problem to other plants.
