Overview:
Tylophora stenoloba (K.Schum.) N.E.Br. is a perennial vine found in tropical Africa, particularly in Ethiopia, Cameroon, and Tanzania. It belongs to the family Asclepiadaceae, which is commonly known as the milkweed family.
Common Names:
The plant is commonly known as "Tubukutu" or "Tubuku" in Cameroon and "Aleka" or "Wudabele" in Ethiopia.
Appearance:
Tylophora stenoloba is a climbing vine that grows up to 10 meters long. It has green stems that are covered with tiny hairs. The leaves are dark green, simple, and alternate, with a length of 6-12 cm and a width of 3-7 cm. The flowers are small, greenish-yellow, and arranged in clusters. The fruits are long and narrow, containing numerous small seeds.
Uses:
Tylophora stenoloba has several medicinal properties and is used in traditional medicine. The leaves and stems of the plant are used to treat various ailments such as respiratory problems, asthma, cough, fever, and snakebites. It also has anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, and anti-viral properties. In addition, the plant is used traditionally as a purgative, expectorant, and to treat skin infections, infertility, and malaria.
Light Requirements
Tylophora stenoloba requires bright and indirect sunlight to grow optimally. It cannot tolerate direct sunlight for long periods and may develop scorched leaves. It is best to place the plant near a window that admits filtered sunlight or under artificial light that mimics the sun's intensity and spectrum. In its native habitat, the plant grows under the canopy of trees, receiving about 40% of the total sunlight.
Temperature Conditions
Tylophora stenoloba prefers warm and humid environments, with the optimal temperature range being 20 to 30°C. Cold temperatures below 15°C can cause the plant to wilt, lose leaves, and become prone to pests and diseases. Humidity levels of about 50% or higher are ideal for the plant to thrive. However, the plant can withstand a dry atmosphere and can recover from mild drought stress.
Soil Requirements
The soil requirements of Tylophora stenoloba are diverse, but the quality must be well-drained and rich in organic matter. The plant favors slightly acidic to neutral soils with pH ranging from 5.5 to 7.0. The soil should have a loose and crumbly texture with good aeration to facilitate root growth. The plant can tolerate a wide range of soils, including sandy, loamy, and clayey soils. However, the soil must not be waterlogged, as it can cause root rot.
Cultivation Methods
Tylophora stenoloba requires a warm, humid environment and is best grown in a greenhouse or sheltered area. The plant prefers well-draining soil that is rich in nutrients and a slightly acidic pH range between 6.0 and 6.5. The ideal temperature range for growing Tylophora stenoloba is between 20°C to 30°C, but it can tolerate cooler temperatures.
Watering Needs
Tylophora stenoloba requires moderate watering with frequent misting to maintain the humidity levels. Over-watering can lead to root rot, so it is essential to allow the soil to dry out partially before watering again. The frequency of watering and misting may vary based on the environment and the growth stage of the plant.
Fertilization
Regular fertilization is crucial to the growth and development of Tylophora stenoloba. An all-purpose fertilizer with a balanced ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (NPK) is suitable for the plant. Fertilize the plant once every two weeks during the growing season, reducing the frequency during winter and autumn.
Pruning
Pruning is an essential part of maintaining the health and appearance of Tylophora stenoloba. It is best to prune the plant during the dormant season, reducing the length of the stems and removing any damaged or diseased portions. Pinching the tips of the stems can also encourage lateral growth and create a fuller appearance of the plant.
Propagation of Tylophora stenoloba (K.Schum.) N.E.Br.
Tylophora stenoloba (K.Schum.) N.E.Br. can be propagated through different methods including:
Seed propagation
Seeds are collected from the mature fruits when they are ripe. The seeds are then soaked in warm water for 24 hours to soften the seed coat. The softened seeds are planted in well-draining soil, either directly in the ground or in pots. The pots or site should be kept moist and warm, with temperatures ranging between 20-25°C. Germination can take up to three weeks.
Cuttings propagation
Cuttings of Tylophora stenoloba can be taken from semi-hardwood stems during early summer when the plant is actively growing. Cuttings should be around 4-5 inches in length and should be taken from the tip of the stem. The lower leaves should be removed and the cuttings should be dipped in rooting hormone before planting in well-draining soil. The cuttings should be kept moist and warm and out of direct sunlight until they root, which may take a few weeks.
Division propagation
Once Tylophora stenoloba has matured, the plant can be divided through the root system which will have produced offshoots. It is important to ensure that each offshoot has a strong root system. The offshoots can be potted or planted in the ground and should be kept moist and warm while they establish themselves.
Disease and Pest Management for Tylophora stenoloba
Tylophora stenoloba is known for its medicinal properties, but like any other plant, it is susceptible to pest infestation and diseases. Here are some common diseases and pests that might affect the plant and ways to manage them.
Diseases
Leaf Spot: This fungal disease causes brown or black spots on the leaves. The disease can be prevented by keeping the leaves dry, avoiding overcrowding of plants and improving air circulation. Infected leaves should be removed immediately, and a fungicide applied to the plant to prevent further damage.
Root Rot: Caused by waterlogging or soil-borne pathogens, root rot can cause stunted growth and wilting of leaves. The infected plants should be removed immediately to prevent further spread. Adding organic matter and avoiding over-watering can help prevent root rot.
Powdery Mildew: This fungal disease can cause a white powdery coating on leaves, flowers and stems. Proper watering and air circulation can help prevent powdery mildew. Infected plants should be treated with a fungicide to prevent further damage.
Pests
Aphids: These are small insects that suck the sap from the plant, causing stunted growth and distortion of leaves. Regularly inspecting the plant and introducing natural predators like ladybugs can help control aphids. Insecticidal soap can also be used to manage aphids.
Mites: These tiny creatures can cause yellow or white spots on the leaves and make the plant look unhealthy. Regularly pruning the plant and keeping it dry can help control mites. Introducing natural predators like predatory mites can help prevent further damage.
Mealybugs: These pests are small and white, and they often congregate on the undersides of leaves and around the base of the plant. They feed on the sap and cause yellowing and stunted growth. Introducing natural predators like ladybugs and applying insecticidal soap can help control mealybugs.
By proactively preventing diseases and controlling pests, your Tylophora stenoloba plants can grow and thrive, providing medicinal benefits for years to come.
