Origin
Trifolium burchellianum Ser. subsp. johnstonii (Oliv.) Cufod. ex J.B.Gillett is a species of clover that is native to Africa. It is mainly found in Southern Africa, including countries such as South Africa, Zimbabwe, and Botswana.
Common Names
This species of clover has several different common names, depending on the region. In South Africa, it is known as "Boland klawer" and in Zimbabwe it is referred to as "Umnukunkulu". The plant is also commonly called "Johnston's clover" in English.
Uses
The Trifolium burchellianum Ser. subsp. johnstonii is often used for grazing by livestock and wild animals. It is known for its high protein content and helps to supplement the diets of animals during times of drought or when other food sources are scarce. Additionally, the plant is sometimes used in soil restoration projects to improve soil quality and prevent erosion.
General Appearance
The Trifolium burchellianum Ser. subsp. johnstonii is a perennial herb that typically grows up to 50 cm in height. The leaves are trifoliate, with each leaflet being oval-shaped and approximately 2 cm in length. The flowers of the plant are small and pink in color, growing in clusters at the end of long stalks. The flowers bloom during the summer months, typically between November and March in Southern Africa.
Growth Conditions for Trifolium burchellianum Ser. subsp. johnstonii (Oliv.) Cufod. ex J.B.Gillett
Light: Trifolium burchellianum Ser. subsp. johnstonii (Oliv.) Cufod. ex J.B.Gillett is a sun-loving plant and requires full sunlight exposure for optimal growth. It can tolerate partial shade, but prolonged shade can stunt its growth and reduce its bloom.
Temperature: The ideal temperature range for the growth and development of Trifolium burchellianum Ser. subsp. johnstonii (Oliv.) Cufod. ex J.B.Gillett is between 20-30°C. However, minor fluctuations in temperature do not affect the plant's growth and are generally well tolerated.
Soil: Trifolium burchellianum Ser. subsp. johnstonii (Oliv.) Cufod. ex J.B.Gillett grows best in well-drained, light to medium-textured soils with a pH range of 6.0 to 7.0. It is adaptable to various soil types, ranging from sandy soils to clay soils, but it prefers a neutral to slightly acidic pH.
Moisture: Trifolium burchellianum Ser. subsp. johnstonii (Oliv.) Cufod. ex J.B.Gillett requires moderate moisture for growth, but it can tolerate drought conditions and low rainfall regimes for short periods. Excessive moisture or waterlogging can cause root rot and lead to plant death.
Nutrients: Trifolium burchellianum Ser. subsp. johnstonii (Oliv.) Cufod. ex J.B.Gillett has moderate nutrient requirements and can grow well in soils with little fertilization. However, a balanced fertilizer application with appropriate amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium can promote healthy growth and flowering.
Propagation: Trifolium burchellianum Ser. subsp. johnstonii (Oliv.) Cufod. ex J.B.Gillett can be propagated through seeds or stem cuttings. Seeds should be sown in well-prepared, weed-free soil during the rainy season. Stem cuttings can be taken from mature plants and planted in a rooting medium before transplanting to a permanent location.
Cultivation
Trifolium burchellianum Ser. subsp. johnstonii (Oliv.) Cufod. ex J.B.Gillett is native to South Africa and can be grown as an ornamental plant in temperate regions. It prefers well-draining soil and a sunny location.
Watering Needs
This plant requires regular watering, especially during the summer months. However, care should be taken to avoid over-watering, which can lead to root rot. It is recommended to water the plant once a week or when the soil feels dry to the touch.
Fertilization
Trifolium burchellianum Ser. subsp. johnstonii (Oliv.) Cufod. ex J.B.Gillett can be fertilized once every four to six weeks during the growing season with a balanced fertiliser. Use a low-nitrogen fertilizer because too much nitrogen can cause the plant to produce more leaves instead of flowers.
Pruning
Pruning is not essential for this plant, but it can help maintain its shape and promote better flowering. Trifolium burchellianum Ser. subsp. johnstonii (Oliv.) Cufod. ex J.B.Gillett should be pruned after flowering to encourage the growth of new shoots.
Propagation of Trifolium burchellianum Ser. subsp. johnstonii (Oliv.) Cufod. ex J.B.Gillett
Trifolium burchellianum Ser. subsp. johnstonii (Oliv.) Cufod. ex J.B.Gillett, commonly known as Johnston's clover, can be propagated through various methods including seeds, stem cuttings, and division of clumps.
Seeds
Seeds of Johnston's clover can be sown directly in the ground in the fall or early spring. It is recommended to soak the seeds in water for 24 hours to enhance germination. Under favorable conditions, germination can occur within two to four weeks. Sowing of seeds in the fall is preferred as it allows the seedlings to establish themselves before harsh winter conditions arrive. Alternatively, seeds can also be started indoors in peat pots and transplanted outside once the young plants are about 4-6 inches tall.
Stem Cuttings
Propagation through stem cuttings is also possible by taking 2-3 inch long cuttings from the parent plant's stems in the summer. The cuttings should be planted in a mixture of sand and compost and kept moist. Roots should develop within 2-3 weeks and the young plants can then be transplanted into their permanent location.
Division of Clumps
Johnston's clover can also be propagated through division of clumps in the fall or early spring. To do this, gently dig up the parent plant and use a sharp knife to separate the clumps into smaller ones, ensuring each clump has enough roots to support the individual plant. Replant the clumps in their permanent location and keep them moist until they establish themselves.
Disease and Pest Management for Trifolium burchellianum Ser. subsp. johnstonii (Oliv.) Cufod. ex J.B.Gillett
Trifolium burchellianum Ser. subsp. johnstonii (Oliv.) Cufod. ex J.B.Gillett, commonly known as Johnston's clover, is a drought-tolerant and heat-resistant plant. However, like all plants, it is susceptible to various diseases and pests that can affect its growth and yield. Here are some common diseases and pests that might affect the plant and suggested ways to manage them:
Diseases
1. Root Rot - Root rot is a disease caused by soil-borne fungi that attack the plant's roots. Symptoms include stunted growth, yellowing leaves, and wilting. To manage root rot, make sure the soil is well-draining and not waterlogged. Avoid overwatering and plant the clover in a well-drained area. Fungicides can also be applied to the soil to prevent the disease.
2. Powdery Mildew - Powdery mildew is a fungal disease that appears as a white powdery coating on the leaves, stems, and flowers of the plant. Symptoms include distorted growth and stunted plant development. To manage powdery mildew, remove affected plant parts and dispose of them. Ensure the plant has adequate spacing to allow for proper air circulation, which aids in preventing the spread of the disease. Fungicides can also be applied to control and manage powdery mildew.
Pests
1. Aphids - Aphids are small, pear-shaped insects that suck sap from the plant's leaves, stems, and flowers. Symptoms of aphids include curling leaves, stunted growth, and the presence of a sticky substance on the plant's surface. To manage aphids, spray the plant with a mild soap solution, insecticidal soap, or neem oil. Ladybugs, wasps, and lacewings can also feed on aphids and help control their population.
2. Spider Mites - Spider mites are tiny pests that suck sap from the plant's leaves, which can cause yellowing and wilting. Symptoms of spider mites include webbing on the plant's leaves. To manage spider mites, spray the plant with a hose to physically remove them. Introducing predatory mites or ladybugs can also help control spider mite populations.
Overall, taking preventative measures such as planting in well-draining soil, keeping the plant adequately watered, and ensuring adequate spacing can help prevent or reduce the impact of diseases and pests.
