Origin and Common Names
Triclisia subcordata Oliv. is a plant species that belongs to the Menispermaceae family. It is native to tropical Africa and can be found in various countries, including Ghana, Nigeria, Cameroon, and Ethiopia. This plant is commonly known by several different names, including bushman's poison, wild raphia, and snake vine.Appearance
Triclisia subcordata is a woody climber that can grow up to 30 meters long in ideal conditions. This plant has thin, flexible stems with glossy leaves that are about 15 cm long. The leaves are oval-shaped with pointed tips and a slightly asymmetrical base. The stem of the plant has distinctive ridges and furrows, and it is covered with small hairs. The flowers of Triclisia subcordata are small and greenish-white, and they grow in clusters on the stem. The fruit of the plant is a fleshy, orange-colored berry with a size of about 2 cm in diameter.Uses
Triclisia subcordata has been used by indigenous people in Africa for various medicinal purposes, including the treatment of snakebites, fever, and other illnesses. The plant contains several alkaloids, such as triclisia saponins and raphiin, which are believed to have antitumor and anti-inflammatory properties. Some studies have also shown that the extracts of Triclisia subcordata can help to suppress the growth of tumor cells in vitro. However, the plant is highly toxic and can cause serious health problems if ingested. The poison of Triclisia subcordata is so strong that it has been used by some African tribes in hunting as well as for committing suicide.Light Requirements
Triclisia subcordata Oliv. grows best in partial or full shade. It cannot tolerate direct sunlight for extended periods and may wilt or experience sunburn in such conditions. Therefore, it is advisable to place it in a location with filtered or indirect light for optimal growth.
Temperature Requirements
The plant thrives in tropical and subtropical climates with temperatures ranging between 20°C to 30°C (68°F to 86°F). It cannot tolerate frost or extreme cold temperatures and may die during winter. Therefore, it is essential to keep the plant in a warm and sheltered environment, preferably indoors, during the colder seasons.
Soil Requirements
Triclisia subcordata Oliv. prefers well-draining, moist soil that is rich in organic matter such as leaf litter. The soil should be slightly acidic, with a pH level ranging from 5.5 to 6.5. It is advisable to mulch around the plant to help maintain moisture levels and keep the roots cool during hot weather. However, waterlogging should be avoided as it can lead to root rot.
Cultivation
Triclisia subcordata Oliv., also known as forest ladybell, is a climbing plant that is best cultivated in a warm and humid environment. It thrives in partial shade or dappled sunlight with well-draining soil that is rich in organic matter. It can be propagated by stem cuttings or seeds.
Watering
Triclisia subcordata Oliv. requires consistent moisture, but it is important not to overwater the plant. Water the plant deeply once a week or every five days, depending on the soil's moisture level.
Fertilization
To encourage healthy growth, apply a slow-release fertilizer in the early growing season once a month. Alternatively, you can fertilize the plant with a balanced liquid fertilizer every month throughout the growing season.
Pruning
Prune Triclisia subcordata Oliv. twice a year to control its growth and shape. Cut back the plant to encourage branching and remove any dead or damaged growth.
Propagation of Triclisia subcordata Oliv.
Triclisia subcordata Oliv. can be propagated through various methods which include:
Seed propagation
The plant produces seeds, and thus, propagation by sowing seeds is possible. The seeds of Triclisia subcordata Oliv. germinate quickly, often within two to four weeks. They should be sown in sand and soil mixture in a shaded area, and the sand should be kept moist until germination. It is necessary to keep the soil moist but not too wet as it can cause the seeds to rot. Once the plants have grown two to four leaves, they can be transplanted into larger containers or into the garden.
Cuttings
Triclisia subcordata Oliv. can also be propagated through stem cuttings. Cuttings should be taken during spring or early summer from the new growth, ensuring that the cutting is at least 10 cm long with a few leaves attached. Remove the leaves on the lower half of the cutting, and dip it into a rooting hormone. Afterward, plant the cutting in a pot filled with a mixture of sand and soil, and keep it in a shaded location. The pot should be kept moist, and roots should develop in a few weeks if the conditions are right.
Air layering
Air layering is an excellent method for propagating Triclisia subcordata Oliv. It is done by making a ring around a healthy stem with a sharp knife, removing the bark and exposing the inner tissue. Then, pack the area with moist sphagnum moss and wrap it with plastic. Roots will form at this point. Once roots have been formed, the stem can be cut and transplanted into a new container or in the garden.
Propagation of Triclisia subcordata Oliv. is not difficult. With suitable conditions and the right procedures, it is simple to propagate the plant through seeds, cuttings, or air layering.
Disease Management for Triclisia subcordata Oliv.
Triclisia subcordata Oliv. is a hardy plant that is not often affected by diseases. However, the following are a few common diseases that may affect it:
- Leaf spot: This is a fungal disease that causes black or brown spots on the leaves of the plant. To manage this disease, infected leaves should be removed and destroyed. Fungicides can also be used to control the disease.
- Root rot: This disease is caused by several fungal and bacterial pathogens and is characterized by the rotting of the roots of the plant. Plants infected by root rot should be removed and destroyed, and the soil should be treated with fungicides before replanting.
Pest Management for Triclisia subcordata Oliv.
Triclisia subcordata Oliv. is also not often affected by pests. However, the following pests may attack the plant:
- Mealybugs: These pests look like small cottony masses on the leaves and stems of the plant. They can be controlled by spraying the plant with soapy water or insecticides.
- Spider mites: These pests cause yellowing of the leaves and the formation of webbing on the plant. They can be controlled by spraying the plant with insecticides or by using predatory mites.
Overall, to maintain the health of Triclisia subcordata Oliv., it is important to ensure that it is planted in well-draining soil and to water it regularly without overwatering. Additionally, regular pruning can help to promote healthy growth and prevent the spread of diseases and pests.
