Description of Trichloris mendocina
Trichloris mendocina (Phil.) Kurtz, commonly known as the "Metica", is a native grass species of South America, particularly in the Central Andes. This plant is a part of the Poaceae family and can withstand dry, arid climates with low rainfall. It is a short-lived perennial, and its leaves and stems are erect and can grow up to 1 m long.
General Appearance
The plant has narrow leaves that can measure up to 10-20 cm, emerging from the base of the plant. The elliptical-shaped leaves are slightly curved, and its edges are rough to the touch. The stems of the plant are slender and can grow up to 60 cm long, with an average diameter of 2 mm. The spikelets on its panicle are similar to popcorns and can measure up to 3 cm.
Common Names
This plant has many aliases depending on the region. People in Chile refer to it as "Metica," while the Argentinians call it "Llanero," or "Paja Graúda." In Ecuador, it is known as "Pruano" and "Chilate."
Uses
Trichloris mendocina is a common forage crop for livestock, such as sheep and cattle, in South America due to its ability to grow in arid regions. The plant is highly tolerant of salt, which makes it a suitable forage crop for animals in brackish regions. However, it needs proper management to avoid overgrazing.
Aside from its use for animal consumption, the plant has medicinal properties. The locals believe that it has pain-relieving effects, particularly for toothaches. They soak the leaves in water and then use it as a mouthwash to lessen the pain. Moreover, people in some regions use its roots to treat urinary infections.
The plant is also soil-stabilizing and can help prevent erosion in areas with marginal soils.
Light conditions
Trichloris mendocina can grow in a wide range of light conditions, from full sun to light shade. However, it tends to grow best in bright sunlight. In areas with hot, dry climates, partial shade may be necessary to prevent the plant from becoming too stressed.
Temperature requirements
Trichloris mendocina is a warm-season grass and requires warm temperatures for optimal growth. It can tolerate temperatures up to 40 degrees Celsius but grows best at temperatures between 25 and 35 degrees Celsius. At temperatures below 15 degrees Celsius, growth slows down significantly, and the plant can be damaged by frost.
Soil requirements
Trichloris mendocina is adapted to grow in a variety of soil types, from sandy to clay soils, but requires well-draining soil. The plant prefers soil pH in the range of 6.0 to 8.0. It can tolerate soil salinity but is most productive in soils with low to moderate salinity levels. Trichloris mendocina also has a relatively high drought tolerance and can survive in areas with low rainfall or irregular watering patterns.
Cultivation
Trichloris mendocina (Phil.) Kurtz is a warm-season grass that is native to South America. It can grow in a variety of soil types, including sandy, loamy, and clay soils. However, it performs best in well-draining soils with a pH range of 6.5 to 7.5. The plant also prefers full sun and hot temperatures, usually found in USDA hardiness zones 9 to 11.
Watering Needs
Trichloris mendocina (Phil.) Kurtz requires moderate watering during its growing season, which is typically from late spring to early fall. The soil should be kept evenly moist, but not waterlogged, to avoid root rot. It's recommended to water deeply once a week, ensuring that the water reaches the root zone. In areas with high temperatures, the plant may require more frequent watering.
Fertilization
Trichloris mendocina (Phil.) Kurtz benefits from regular fertilization during the growing season. A balanced fertilizer, such as a 10-10-10 or 20-20-20, should be applied every six to eight weeks. For best results, it's recommended to use a slow-release fertilizer that provides nutrients gradually over time. Take care not to over-fertilize, which can lead to excessive growth and weaken the plant's structure.
Pruning
Trichloris mendocina (Phil.) Kurtz does not require frequent pruning, but it's recommended to trim it occasionally to promote a neat and tidy appearance. Dead or damaged leaves and stems should be removed promptly to prevent the spread of disease. It's recommended to trim the plant in early spring before it starts to grow actively. Keep in mind that this grass is a self-seeder, and pruning after the flowering period will result in a decrease of seed production.
Propagation of Trichloris mendocina
Trichloris mendocina, commonly known as "coastal sandbur," is a perennial grass that is native to coastal areas of Argentina and Chile. Propagation of this plant can be achieved via the following methods:
Seed Propagation
Seeds of Trichloris mendocina can be sowed directly into the soil or in trays during the spring. It is important to ensure the soil is well-drained and moist to enhance the germination process.
The seeds need to be sown at a depth of about 5 mm, ensuring they are dispersed uniformly to avoid overcrowding. Germination of the seeds may take between 14 and 21 days, and the seedlings should be watered regularly but not excessively to prevent damping off.
When the seedlings are large enough to handle, they can be individually transplanted into pots or the field. It is worth noting that seed-propagated plants of Trichloris mendocina take longer to establish than those propagated vegetatively.
Vegetative Propagation
Another way to propagate Trichloris mendocina is through vegetative means. This grass can be propagated via stem cuttings, division, or root cuttings.
Stem cuttings should be taken from mature plants during the growing season. The cuttings should be about 10 cm long, and the lower leaves should be removed before planting. The stem cuttings can be planted in sandy soil, and they should be kept moist and protected from direct sunlight until they root.
Division is another method of propagation that suits mature plants. It involves separating the plant into smaller sections, ensuring each section has roots and shoots. These sections should be replanted in sandy soil, watered, and shaded until they are established.
Root cuttings of Trichloris mendocina can be taken during the growing season. They should be about 5 cm long and planted in sandy soil. The cuttings should be kept moist and shaded until they develop roots and shoots.
Overall, both seed and vegetative propagation methods can be used to propagate Trichloris mendocina. These methods can be applied in nurseries or fields to establish large stands of this plant.
Disease and Pest Management for Trichloris mendocina (Phil.) Kurtz
Trichloris mendocina (Phil.) Kurtz, commonly known as Brazilian Carpetgrass, is a highly resilient plant that is generally resistant to most pests and diseases. However, there are a few common diseases and pests that can affect this plant. It is important to identify these and manage them to ensure the plant's health and vigor.
Common Diseases
1. Leaf Spots: Leaf spots are the most common disease found in Trichloris mendocina (Phil.) Kurtz. These appear as small necrotic spots on the leaves and spread rapidly throughout the plant. They usually occur during the rainy season when there is humidity in the air. To manage this disease, remove and destroy infected leaves, increase air circulation around the plant and avoid overhead irrigation.
2. Root Rot: Root rot is a fungal disease that affects the plant's roots and causes them to decay. This disease is caused by overwatering and poor drainage. To manage this disease, ensure proper soil drainage, reduce watering frequency and increase air circulation around the plant's roots.
Common Pests
1. Armyworms: Armyworms are the most common pest in Trichloris mendocina (Phil.) Kurtz. They feed on the plant's leaves, causing significant damage. To manage this pest, apply insecticides as soon as you notice the first signs of infestation, remove and destroy infected plants, and practice proper sanitation techniques around the plant to discourage armyworms from returning.
2. Grasshoppers: Grasshoppers are another common pest that can damage Trichloris mendocina (Phil.) Kurtz. These pests feed on the plant's leaves and can cause significant damage. To manage this pest, apply insecticides, remove and destroy infected plants, and practice proper sanitation techniques around the plant to discourage grasshoppers from returning.
By identifying and managing these common diseases and pests, you can ensure the health and longevity of Trichloris mendocina (Phil.) Kurtz. Proper care and attention will help this plant to thrive and remain an attractive addition to any garden or landscape.
