Overview
Tricalysia myrtifolia S.Moore is a flowering plant native to Cameroon in West Africa. It belongs to the Rubiaceae family, which includes popular plants such as coffee and gardenia. This species of plant is commonly referred to as "Tumbo" by the local people in Cameroon.Appearance
Tricalysia myrtifolia is an evergreen shrub that can grow up to six meters tall. The leaves are simple, oval-shaped, and have a glossy, dark green color. The flowers are small and white, growing in clusters at the end of branches. The fruit is a round, fleshy berry that turns from green to purple when it matures.Uses
The plant has been traditionally used in Cameroon for medicinal purposes, particularly as a treatment for inflammation, fever, and pain. The fruit of Tumbo is also edible, and it is considered a delicacy by the local people. It has a sweet taste, and it can be eaten raw or cooked. Nowadays, the plant has gained some popularity as a garden plant, mainly for its ornamental value due to its attractive foliage and white flowers. Tricalysia myrtifolia S.Moore is a unique plant species that holds both medicinal and culinary value for the local people in Cameroon. Its ornamental value also makes it a popular garden plant, adding to the diversity of exotic plants.Light Requirements
Tricalysia myrtifolia S.Moore typically grows in shaded areas, such as the understory of forests. It can tolerate some sunlight, but it prefers partial shade to thrive. If placed in direct sunlight, the leaves may become scorched or wilted.
Temperature Requirements
This plant is native to tropical and subtropical regions where temperatures range from 18-30°C (64-86°F). It cannot tolerate frost or temperatures below 10°C (50°F). When grown indoors, it is important to maintain a consistent temperature to prevent stress on the plant.
Soil Requirements
Tricalysia myrtifolia S.Moore prefers well-draining, moist soil with a pH ranging from acidic to neutral (4.5-7.0). A mixture of peat moss, perlite and compost can be used to create optimal soil conditions for this plant. It can also grow in sandy or loamy soil types.
Cultivation
Tricalysia myrtifolia S.Moore, or simply Tricalysia, is an evergreen shrub or small tree that can grow up to ten meters tall in its natural habitat. It is native to Africa and can be easily cultivated in gardens or as a houseplant in other parts of the world. The following are the ideal conditions for the cultivation of Tricalysia:
- Light: Tricalysia grows well in partially shaded conditions. It prefers bright but indirect sunlight.
- Soil: The plant prefers moist, well-drained soil that is rich in organic matter. A slightly acidic soil pH of 5.5 to 6.5 is preferred.
- Temperature: Tricalysia thrives in warm temperatures of between 20 to 30 degrees Celsius. It cannot tolerate frost.
Watering Needs
Tricalysia requires consistent and regular watering to thrive. The following are the recommended watering practices:
- Watering Frequency: Tricalysia should be watered regularly, especially during the growing season. This is typically during the spring and summer months when the plant is actively growing. The frequency of watering will depend on the location and temperature but generally should be done once a week.
- Watering Method: Water the soil directly and avoid watering the leaves, as this can encourage fungus growth. Make sure to water deeply so that the roots receive adequate moisture.
Fertilization
Tricalysia requires proper fertilization to achieve optimum growth. Use the following guidelines:
- Fertilizer Type: The plant does best with slow-release fertilizers that are rich in nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. These essential nutrients will provide the necessary balance for Tricalysia to thrive.
- Fertilizer Frequency: Fertilize Tricalysia once every two months, starting in the growing season.
- Application Method: Apply fertilizers to the soil surface or follow the instructions on the package.
Pruning
Tricalysia needs occasional pruning to maintain an attractive shape and promote proper growth. The following are the key points on pruning:
- Timing: The best time to prune Tricalysia is during the winter, when the plant is in its inactive period.
- Tools: Use sharp and sterile pruning tools. This will help avoid introducing infections or diseases to the plant.
- Procedure: Prune the lateral branches and the dead or damaged branches. Limbs that obstruct necessary access should also be trimmed.
Propagation of Tricalysia myrtifolia S.Moore
Tricalysia myrtifolia S.Moore is a tree plant species found in West and Central Africa. It is also known as the forest star apple due to its edible fruit. Propagation of the plant can be done through various methods which include:
Seed propagation
Propagation of Tricalysia myrtifolia S.Moore through seeds is possible. Seeds can be collected from the ripe fruit and should be sown in a nursery as soon as possible. The seeds should be cleaned and sown on a seedbed in the nursery without burying them in the soil. They should be covered with a thin layer of soil and kept moist. Germination of the seed may take between two and four weeks.
Asexual propagation
Asexual propagation of Tricalysia myrtifolia S.Moore can be achieved through the following methods:
- Stem cuttings: Cuttings from the plant can be taken with a clean sharp knife during the rainy season when the plant is actively growing. The cuttings should be about 20-30 cm long and have at least two nodes. The lower leaves should be removed, and the cuttings dipped into a rooting hormone before planting in the nursery. The cuttings should be kept moist and protected from direct sunlight.
- Air layering: Air layering is another method of propagating Tricalysia myrtifolia S.Moore. A section of the stem about 5cm-10cm in length should be slit and covered with damp sphagnum moss or coconut fiber. A plastic bag tied at the top and bottom of the layer should be used to prevent moisture from escaping. Roots should begin developing within 6-8 weeks and can be separated from the parent plant after about 3 months.
- Grafting: Grafting is another way to propagate Tricalysia myrtifolia S.Moore, but it can be challenging due to the plant's woody stem. Grafting should be done during the rainy season when the plant is actively growing. The scion should be inserted into the rootstock at a 45-degree angle, and the graft should be covered with grafting wax or petroleum jelly to discourage desiccation and infection.
Care should be taken to provide the right growing conditions for seedlings or cuttings to ensure their survival. Adequate sunlight, water, and nutrients are essential for healthy growth.
Disease and Pest Management for Tricalysia myrtifolia S.Moore
Tricalysia myrtifolia S.Moore, also known as the coffee cherry tree, is susceptible to a few common diseases and pests. Here are some management solutions for various problems that may arise.
Diseases
Leaf Spots: This disease is caused by a fungus that causes circular, tan-colored spots with dark margins on the leaves. To manage this disease, it is recommended to prune the tree to improve air circulation. Also, remove any infected leaves or branches and apply a copper fungicide to the entire tree during the growing season.
Anthracnose: Another fungal disease that causes brown spots to appear on the leaves, twigs, and fruits. To manage this disease, prune the tree to improve air circulation, and remove any infected plant parts. Apply a copper-based fungicide to the entire tree during the growing season.
Pests
Coffee Berry Borer: This insect drills holes and makes tunnels inside the coffee berries, causing serious damage. Control this pest by removing any infected berries and disposing of them in an airtight container to prevent reinfestation. It is also recommended to employ cultural practices that reduce the occurrence of this pest, including shade management and pruning.
Mealybugs: These insects are common pests that suck sap from the plant and cause the leaves to become discolored. A natural predator of the coffee tree, ladybugs, and other beneficial insects can control mealybug populations. Spraying the coffee cherry tree with a mixture of water and dish soap can help get rid of this pest.
By following the above management solutions, you can ensure that your Tricalysia myrtifolia S.Moore remains healthy and productive, providing you with an excellent coffee crop.
