Tricalysia gossweileri S.Moore: Origin and Common Names
Tricalysia gossweileri S.Moore, also known as Gossweiler's Coffee, is a plant species endemic to tropical Africa, specifically found in Cameroon, Congo, and Gabon, growing in the understorey of mature moist evergreen forests.
The plant was named after Harry Wilhelm Helfried Gossweiler, a Swiss botanist who explored and collected plants in Angola, Congo, and Zimbabwe in the early 20th century.
In its native countries, Tricalysia gossweileri goes by different common names in local languages, including "Egunya" in Cameroon, "Poupruplaule" in Gabon, and "Munyama" in Congo.
Uses of Tricalysia gossweileri S.Moore
Like many other members of the coffee family Rubiaceae, Tricalysia gossweileri has a history of traditional medicinal use. The plant's bark and leaves are utilized to treat various ailments, such as fever, malaria, stomach pain, and respiratory infections.
Moreover, Tricalysia gossweileri's seeds are a source of caffeine, the same psychoactive compound found in coffee. Although not as popular as Coffea arabica or Coffea robusta, some local communities in Africa make a coffee-like beverage from Tricalysia gossweileri seeds.
Appearance of Tricalysia gossweileri S.Moore
Tricalysia gossweileri is a small to medium-sized tree, with a straight stem and a rounded, spreading crown. Its bark is dark gray, rough, and fissured.
The leaves are simple, opposite, and elliptic or oblong in shape, measuring 15 to 25 centimeters in length and 7 to 12 centimeters in width. They have a glossy green color on the upper surface and a pale green hue beneath.
The flowers of Tricalysia gossweileri are small, white, and gathered in dense clusters. They are followed by round, fleshy, and red fruits that contain two seeds, each measuring 7 to 8 millimeters in diameter and resembling miniature coffee beans.
Light Requirements
Tricalysia gossweileri S.Moore prefers a partially shaded environment, with filtered light being their ideal condition. Excessive exposure to direct sunlight can harm the plant, therefore it should not be planted in direct sunlight. The plant also needs periods of darkness, so a photoperiod of 12-14 hours is suitable.
Temperature Requirements
The plant grows well in temperatures ranging from 20 to 30°C (68-86°F). Temperatures that are too high can harm the plant, while temperatures that are too low can decrease the growth rate of the plant. The minimum temperature required for the plant to survive is 15°C (59°F).
Soil Requirements
The plant requires well-draining soil, rich in organic matter. An ideal soil mix would include equal parts of peat moss, perlite, and vermiculite. The soil pH should be between 5.5 and 6.5. The plant prefers soil that is slightly acidic to neutral. It is important to avoid waterlogging, as this can lead to root rot, which can be fatal for the plant.
Cultivation Methods for Tricalysia Gossweileri S.Moore
Tricalysia gossweileri S.Moore is a plant species that thrives well in warm, humid, and tropical environments. It requires partial sunlight and well-draining soil to enhance its growth. Therefore, choose a spot that has moderate ambient temperature and sheltered from harsh weather conditions. Additionally, ensure you use fertile soil with a pH range of 6.0 to 6.5 to support the plant's nutrient needs.
Watering Needs of Tricalysia Gossweileri S.Moore
Tricalysia gossweileri S.Moore has high water needs, and you must ensure the soil is moist throughout the plant's growth cycle. However, avoid overwatering, which can lead to root rot. Instead, water in moderation, ensuring you provide adequate moisture to prevent the soil from drying out. A good watering schedule would be once every three days, depending on the humidity levels.
Fertilization of Tricalysia Gossweileri S.Moore
For Tricalysia gossweileri S.Moore to thrive, it requires regular fertilization throughout its growth cycle. Use nitrogen-rich fertilizers that provide the necessary nutrients for the plant to grow healthy and vibrant. However, avoid using too much fertilizer, which can lead to stunted growth or yellowing of leaves. The application frequency of the fertilizer should be every three months to ensure healthy growth and development.
Pruning of Tricalysia Gossweileri S.Moore
Pruning is a vital aspect of caring for Tricalysia gossweileri S.Moore as it encourages the growth of new branches and flowers. Prune the plant during the active growth stage, ensuring you remove any dead, damaged, or diseased branches or leaves. Additionally, prune to encourage the growth of new and healthy shoots to maintain the plant's shape and form. Use clean and sharp pruning tools to minimize the risk of injury or disease.
Propagation of Tricalysia gossweileri S.Moore
Tricalysia gossweileri S.Moore is a medicinal plant that belongs to the Rubiaceae family. The plant can be propagated through various methods. Here are some detailed information about its propagation methods:
Seed propagation
The most common method of propagating Tricalysia gossweileri is through seeds. The seeds are small and must be sown in a well-drained soil mixture. The soil must be moist, but not wet, to promote germination. Once the seeds have germinated, they should be transferred to individual pots or containers.
Cutting propagation
Tricalysia gossweileri can also be propagated through cuttings. It is recommended to take cuttings during the early morning. The cutting should be at least 15 cm long and include a few leaves. Make sure to remove the leaves from the lower part of the cutting, leaving only a few at the top. The cutting should then be treated with rooting hormones and planted into a soil mixture. Cover the cutting and container with a plastic bag to promote humidity. Ensure the soil is moist at all times.
Division propagation
Division is another method of propagating Tricalysia gossweileri. The plant must be dug up carefully, and the roots must be separated. Each new plant should have sufficient roots and some leaves. Plant the new divisions in individual pots filled with well-draining soil.
Air layering propagation
Air layering is a propagation method where a branch is selected, and a section of the bark is removed. Apply rooting hormone to the area, and then wrap it with moist sphagnum moss. Cover the moss with plastic wrap and secure the ends. Roots should develop after a few weeks. Once roots have developed, cut the branch below the area where the roots have formed and plant it in soil.
Overall, there are many ways to propagate Tricalysia gossweileri S.Moore. The success rate depends on various factors such as temperature, humidity, and soil conditions. Choose the propagation method that works best for you and your situation.Disease and Pest Management for Tricalysia Gossweileri S.Moore
Tricalysia gossweileri S.Moore, also known as the coffee relative, is known for its small, red berries, which are similar in appearance to coffee beans. Like any other plant, Tricalysia gossweileri S.Moore is also prone to various diseases and pests. Here are some of the common diseases and pests that might affect the plant, along with ways to manage them.
Common Diseases
Bacterial Blight: Bacterial blight is a common disease that affects Tricalysia gossweileri S.Moore. Symptoms include wilting, yellowing, and stunted growth of the plant. To manage bacterial blight, remove and destroy the infected plant parts and avoid overhead watering to prevent the spread of the disease.
Powdery Mildew: Powdery mildew is a fungal disease that appears as a white powdery substance on the leaves and stems of the plant. The disease causes the leaves to curl and distort, leading to stunted growth. To control powdery mildew, use a fungicide spray and avoid overhead watering.
Common Pests
Coffee Berry Borer: The coffee berry borer is a small beetle that bores through the berries of the plant and feeds on the seeds. Infested berries turn brown and fall prematurely, leading to a reduced yield. To manage the coffee berry borer, use pheromone traps and sprays of insecticides.
Mealybugs: Mealybugs are small, soft-bodied insects that suck sap from the plant and cause yellowing and distorted growth. To control mealybugs, prune and remove infested plant parts, use insecticidal soap, and avoid over-fertilizing the plant.
Conclusion
Tricalysia gossweileri S.Moore is a beautiful and productive plant that requires proper management to maintain its good health. Effective management of diseases and pests requires regular monitoring, and quick actions must be taken to prevent their spread. By following the recommended management techniques, you can keep your Tricalysia gossweileri S.Moore healthy and thriving.
