Overview of Tricalysia engleri
Tricalysia engleri (K.Krause) A.Chev., also known as the African coffee tree, is a member of the Rubiaceae family and is native to tropical Africa.
Common Names
The plant is commonly known as African coffee tree and engler's tricalysia. It is also called "Mvunguti" in Tanzania.
Appearance
Tricalysia engleri is a small tree that typically grows up to 5-8 meters in height. It has dark-green, glossy leaves that are about 5-13 cm long and 3-9 cm wide. The leaves are arranged oppositely, elliptic, and have a pointed tip. The plant produces small, inconspicuous flowers that are green or yellowish in color. The fruit is a red or black berry that is about 1 cm in diameter.
Uses
Tricalysia engleri has several uses in African traditional medicine. The bark, leaves, and roots of the plant are used in the treatment of various ailments, including malaria, stomach disorders, and fever. In certain parts of Africa, the plant is also used as a substitute for coffee. Additionally, the plant is used as a shade tree for other crops.
Light Requirements
Tricalysia engleri is adapted to grow in bright but indirect light. It cannot tolerate direct sunlight for extended periods, which can scorch its leaves. Therefore, it requires partial shade, that is, only receiving about 50-70% of the direct sunlight intensity. Such light exposure should mimic its natural habitat which is under the canopy of tall trees.
Temperature Requirements
The plant typically grows in warm and humid conditions. It prefers a temperature range of 18-27°C (64-81°F) and a relative humidity of between 60-80%. It thrives in warm and humid places such as tropical regions. Therefore, it is advisable to provide consistent air temperature, humidity, and airflow like it is found in its natural environment.
Soil Requirements
Tricalysia engleri prefers well-draining and nutrient-rich soil that is slightly acidic, with a pH range of 6-7. It prefers moist soils, but it cannot tolerate being waterlogged. The soil should also be porous to enable aeration, which is essential for the plant's roots to breathe. Mix one-part peat moss, one-part perlite, and two parts rich organic matter soil to create an ideal soil mix for Tricalysia engleri.
Cultivation Methods
Tricalysia engleri is an evergreen shrub that thrives in warm and humid conditions. It grows well in loamy soils that are rich in organic matter. The plant requires partial shade to full sun exposure to grow optimally.
Watering Needs
In terms of watering, Tricalysia engleri prefers moderate to heavy watering. However, it is crucial to avoid overwatering as this can cause root rot. The soil should be kept moist but not waterlogged.
Fertilization
The plant requires regular fertilization to promote optimal growth. Use a balanced fertilizer with equal amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. Fertilize the plant every month during the growing season to encourage vigorous growth.
Pruning
Pruning is essential to keep the Tricalysia engleri shrub healthy and looking great. Prune the plant in late winter or early spring before the new growth starts. Trim back any dead or damaged branches, and remove any diseased or infested foliage. Additionally, prune back some of the old growth to encourage new growth.
Propagation of Tricalysia Engleri
Tricalysia engleri can be propagated through asexual and sexual propagation methods.
Asexual Propagation
The stem cuttings of Tricalysia engleri are commonly used for asexual propagation. The cuttings should be taken from healthy and disease-free plants. Before cutting, sterilize the cutting tools to prevent the spread of diseases. The cuttings should be 10-15 cm in length and should have 3-4 nodes. Remove the leaves from the lower part of the cutting to prevent moisture loss and root rot. Dip the cuttings in rooting hormone and plant them in well-drained soil or sand. The cuttings should be placed in a shaded area for the first few weeks to allow the roots to develop. After root development, they can be transplanted to individual pots for further growth.
Sexual Propagation
Tricalysia engleri can also be propagated through sexual propagation. The seeds of Tricalysia engleri can be obtained from the mature fruits. The mature fruits turn red when they are ripe. The seeds should be extracted from the ripe fruits and washed in clean water. Before planting, soak the seeds in water overnight. Plant the seeds in well-drained soil and cover them with a layer of compost. The seeds should be placed in a shaded area and should be watered regularly. The seeds take about 2-4 weeks to germinate. After germination, the seedlings can be transplanted to individual pots for further growth.
Disease and Pest Management for Tricalysia engleri
Tricalysia engleri is a tropical shrub native to Africa used for medicinal purposes. The plant is vulnerable to different pests and diseases, which can reduce its yield and quality. Here are some common diseases and pests that might affect the plant and ways to manage them:
Diseases
Leaf Spot: This fungal disease causes brown, circular spots on the leaves, which later turn yellow and drop off. To manage it, remove infected leaves, control humidity levels, avoid overhead watering, and apply fungicides.
Mildew: Powdery mildew appears as a white or grayish powder on leaves, flowers, and stems. It is caused by high humidity, low light, and poor air circulation. Minimize these conditions, remove infected parts, and apply fungicides.
Bacterial Blight: This disease causes brown spots on leaves and stems and can kill the plant. To manage it, remove infected parts, control humidity levels, disinfect tools, and apply copper-based fungicides.
Pests
Spider Mites: These tiny insects suck the sap out of leaves, causing yellowing and curling. To manage them, use natural predators, such as ladybugs or predatory mites, increase humidity levels, and apply insecticidal soap or neem oil.
Aphids: These soft-bodied insects cluster on the buds, stems, and leaves, sucking sap and excreting honeydew. To manage them, use natural predators, such as ladybugs or lacewings, wash the plant with a strong jet of water, and apply insecticidal soap or neem oil.
Mealybugs: These white, cottony insects feed on the stems, leaves, and flowers, causing stunted growth and yellowing. To manage them, remove infected parts, wash the plant with a strong jet of water, and apply insecticidal soap or neem oil.
In conclusion, disease and pest management for Tricalysia engleri involve preventing and controlling infections and infestations. Regular monitoring, proper watering, fertilization, and sanitation are essential for promoting plant health and reducing the risk of damage.
