Tricalysia chevalieri Aubrév.
Tricalysia chevalieri Aubrév., also known as Chevalieri's tricalysia, is a species of flowering plant belonging to the Rubiaceae family. It is native to the western-central portion of Africa, specifically the countries of Nigeria, Cameroon, and Gabon.
Appearance
The plant usually grows up to about 10 meters tall, with a straight trunk that has grey-brown bark. Its leaves are simple, alternate, and elliptic in shape, with a glossy and leathery texture. The flowers are small and yellowish in color, growing in clusters. The fruit is a drupe, which turns red when ripe.
Uses
The bark and roots of Tricalysia chevalieri are used in traditional medicine for treating various ailments, such as stomach disorders, diarrhea, and fever. The plant is also used as a source of firewood, as the wood is hard and dense. The fruits are consumed by various bird species, making it an important food source for wildlife.
Growth Conditions for Tricalysia Chevalieri Aubrév.
Tricalysia chevalieri Aubrév. is a plant species native to tropical Africa. It is an understory plant that thrives in shaded environments.
Light Requirements
Tricalysia chevalieri Aubrév. prefers partial to full shade and cannot tolerate direct sunlight. The plant can grow well under a forest canopy or in shaded greenhouses with 50-70% light intensity. It is best to avoid exposing the plant to direct sunlight as it can cause leaf burn and stunted growth.
Temperature Requirements
The plant can grow at temperatures between 20°C to 30°C and is susceptible to cold temperatures. It is best to maintain a minimum temperature of 18°C for the plant to grow and prevent stress. Temperatures below 5°C can lead to the death of the plant. High humidity levels are also desirable for the plant to thrive.
Soil Requirements
Tricalysia chevalieri Aubrév. is adaptable to a wide range of soil types such as sandy loam, clay loam, and loamy soil. However, the plant prefers well-drained, moist soil with a pH range between 4.5 to 6.5. Soil with high fertility levels is desirable, and organic matter can be added to improve the nutrient content of the soil.
Cultivation Methods
Tricalysia Chevalieri Aubrév., commonly known as the coffee plant, thrives in a tropical climate with high humidity and moderate rainfall. It grows in well-draining soil with a slightly acidic pH level ranging from 6.0 to 6.5. The plant requires partial shade to avoid direct sunlight. The best time to plant is during the rainy season or the beginning of the dry season.
Watering Needs
The coffee plant requires regular watering to keep the soil consistently moist. However, it is essential not to overwater the plant, as it may lead to root rot. The frequency of watering depends on the climate and the level of humidity in the environment. During the rainy season, the plant may require less watering than in the dry season. It is important to let the soil dry out slightly before watering again.
Fertilization
The coffee plant requires regular fertilization to promote healthy growth and maximize yield. A balanced fertilizer with equal levels of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium is suitable for the plant. Fertilization can be done once every two months during the growing season. It is also essential to apply organic compost to the soil to improve nutrient levels and soil structure.
Pruning
Pruning the coffee plant is important for maintaining its shape and maximizing productivity. The plant should be pruned during the dry season to avoid damaging the young shoots during the rainy season. Pruning should be done to remove the dead or diseased branches, and to promote the growth of new shoots. It is also important to prune any branches that are crossing or rubbing against each other.
Propagation of Tricalysia chevalieri Aubrév.
Tricalysia chevalieri Aubrév. can be propagated through seeds, stem cuttings, and air layering.
Seed propagation
The seeds of Tricalysia chevalieri Aubrév. can be collected from the ripe fruit and sown in a well-draining potting mix. The seeds should be sown at a depth of about twice the thickness of the seed, and the soil should be kept moist until the seedlings emerge.
It is recommended to soak the seeds in water for 24 hours before sowing to improve the germination rate. Seedlings typically take about 3-4 weeks to emerge, and they should be kept in a warm, humid area with bright, indirect light.
Stem cutting propagation
Tricalysia chevalieri Aubrév. can also be propagated through stem cuttings. Cuttings should be taken from the softwood growth and should be approximately 6-8 inches long. Remove the bottom leaves and any flowers or developing fruits, leaving only 2-3 leaves at the top of the cutting.
The cuttings should be dipped in a rooting hormone powder and planted in a well-draining potting mix. The soil should be kept moist, and the cuttings should be kept in a warm, humid area with bright, indirect light until roots develop, which typically takes 6-8 weeks.
Air layering propagation
Air layering is another propagation method that can be used for Tricalysia chevalieri Aubrév. This method involves making a small incision in a stem and wrapping it with damp sphagnum moss and plastic wrap to create a growing environment.
Roots will grow from the incision, and once they have developed sufficiently, the stem can be cut below the root mass and potted in a well-draining potting mix. This method typically takes several months to produce a rooted plant.
Disease and Pest Management for Tricalysia chevalieri Aubrév.
Tricalysia chevalieri Aubrév. are generally healthy plants, but like all plants, they are susceptible to some diseases and pests. Being aware of the common diseases and pests affecting this plant will help in identifying and managing them on time.
Common Diseases
One of the most common diseases affecting Tricalysia chevalieri Aubrév. is root rot, which results from overwatering or poor drainage. This disease can cause wilting, yellowing, and stunted growth. To prevent root rot, it is important to ensure proper drainage and avoid overwatering. Fungal leaf spots can also affect the plant. These spots are characterized by brown or black spots on the foliage. To manage fungal leaf spots, remove infected leaves, and apply a fungicide to the remaining foliage.
Common Pests
Aphids are the most common pest affecting Tricalysia chevalieri Aubrév. Aphids are small insects that suck sap from the leaves, causing them to curl and turn yellow. They also excrete a sticky, sugary substance called honeydew, which attracts ants and sooty mold. To manage aphids, use insecticidal soap or neem oil. Spider mites are another pest that can attack this plant. Spider mites are tiny arachnids that suck sap from the leaves, causing them to turn yellow and fall off. To control spider mites, use a miticide spray, or wash the foliage with water to remove the mites.
By regularly inspecting Tricalysia chevalieri Aubrév. for diseases and pests, and taking prompt action to manage them, the plant can remain healthy and thrive.
