Overview of Tribulus zeyheri Sond.
Tribulus zeyheri Sond. is a plant species that belongs to the family Zygophyllaceae. It is commonly known as puncturevine or caltrop and can be found in many parts of South Africa, including the Eastern Cape, KwaZulu-Natal, and Mpumalanga. This plant is an herbaceous perennial plant that can reach up to 2 meters in height. It has a shallow root system and can grow in a wide range of soil types.
General appearance
The plant has hairy, pinnately compound leaves with up to eight leaflets in opposite pairs. The leaves are arranged in an alternate pattern along the stem. The plant produces beautiful yellow flowers that bloom from October to January. These flowers are followed by woody, spiny, spherical fruits with four to five horns, each up to 2.5 centimeters long.
Common names
The plant is commonly known as puncturevine or caltrop due to its sharp horns that can puncture tires or the skin of animals. It is also referred to as goathead or tackweed by farmers, as it can seriously injure livestock that step on it. In Zimbabwe, it is known as ishin'gwe or shinglishingli, while in Botswana, it is called khoatlho or leengwe.
Uses
The Tribulus zeyheri Sond. plant has been traditionally used for various purposes. The roots and leaves are used in traditional medicine to treat a range of ailments, including urinary and digestive problems, and liver and spleen diseases. The plant has also been used as a natural insecticide to control agricultural pests. Additionally, the seeds of the plant are used to make a potent concoction called Zulu love potion, which is believed to have aphrodisiac properties.
Despite its prickly nature, Tribulus zeyheri Sond. has ornamental value and can be used as a decorative plant in gardens. It is also commonly used in traditional African rituals and ceremonies, such as rainmaking, fertility rites, and as a protective charm against evil spirits. Overall, Tribulus zeyheri Sond. is a versatile and intriguing plant species with many uses and unique characteristics.
Light Requirements
Tribulus zeyheri Sond. is a plant that requires full sun exposure to thrive. It needs at least 6 hours of direct sunlight per day to grow and develop properly. Inadequate light levels result in unhealthy, stunted growth.
Temperature Requirements
These plants are native to Southern Africa, where temperatures can get quite hot. To thrive, Tribulus zeyheri Sond. generally requires warm temperatures ranging from 20 to 32 °C during the warm season. Temperatures lower than 5°C can cause damage or even death to the plant. It is important to avoid exposing the plant to frost and cold air.
Soil Requirements
The soil type preferred by Tribulus zeyheri Sond. should be sandy with adequate drainage. They prefer soils with a pH range of 6.0 to 8.0, with a moderate water-holding capacity. The plants require regular watering, but the soil should not be waterlogged.
Cultivation Methods for Tribulus zeyheri Sond.
Tribulus zeyheri Sond. commonly called the puncture vine, requires minimal attention and care. The plant thrives best in warm climates and sandy, well-draining soil. The propagation of this plant is through seed sowing and cutting.
The planting season of Tribulus zeyheri Sond. is in the spring or during the rainy season. Prepare the soil by incorporating compost and manure to a depth of 15-20 cm. Plant the seeds at a depth of 5-10mm, with a spacing of 20cm between plants. Propagation by stem cutting involves selecting a healthy stem, planting it in sterilized soil and watering it regularly.
Watering Needs for Tribulus zeyheri Sond.
Tribulus zeyheri Sond. requires little water. The plant can withstand prolonged periods of drought once it has established itself. During the first few weeks after planting, water the plant regularly, especially if the rains are scarce. After the plant has developed, water sparsely. Overwatering might cause damage to the plant, leading to root rot and stunted growth.
Fertilization of Tribulus zeyheri Sond.
Tribulus zeyheri Sond. responds well to organic fertilizers. A mild dose of fertilizer combined with manure during planting is sufficient to nourish the plant. Avoid using excessive amounts of chemical fertilizers as they might harm the plant.
Pruning of Tribulus zeyheri Sond.
Tribulus zeyheri Sond. does not require regular pruning. However, it is advisable to remove dead, damaged, or diseased stems. Trimming the plant during the growing season promotes bushy growth. Remember to always use sterilized pruning tools to avoid spreading plant diseases.
Propagation of Tribulus Zeyheri Sond.
There are different methods for propagating Tribulus zeyheri Sond. Depending on the resources available and the objective of the propagation, one can choose from the following techniques:
Seed Propagation
Seeds of Tribulus zeyheri Sond. can be collected from mature fruits during the dry season. After harvesting, the seeds are dried and stored in a cool, dry place. Before planting, the seeds must be soaked in warm water for a few hours to soften the seed coat.
After soaking, the seeds can be planted in potting soil or directly in the field. The ideal time to plant seeds is at the beginning of the rainy season when the soil is moist. The seedlings will emerge after 7-14 days.
Cuttings Propagation
Cuttings are generally used for vegetative propagation of Tribulus zeyheri Sond. For cuttings, branches are selected from mature plants, with at least two nodes per cutting. The leaves from the lower node are removed, and the cutting is dipped in rooting hormone before planting.
The cuttings can be planted in a well-draining soil mix or sand. Mist the cuttings to maintain high humidity, and avoid exposing the cuttings to direct sunlight. After 3-4 weeks, the cuttings will start rooting and can be transplanted to individual pots or to the field.
Division Propagation
Tribulus zeyheri Sond. can be propagated by division of mature plants. To do this, plants are dug up, and the roots are divided into several sections, each with stems and leaves. The divided plants are replanted in individual pots or to the field after watering.
Division is usually done during the dormant season or early spring, and the plants should be watered regularly until they have established a new root system.
Disease and Pest Management for Tribulus zeyheri Sond.
Tribulus zeyheri Sond., also known as puncture vine, is a hardy plant that is resistant to many diseases and pests. However, there are some common problems that can occur, and it is important to know how to manage them.
Common Diseases
One of the most common diseases that can affect Tribulus zeyheri is powdery mildew. This is a fungal disease that appears as a white, powdery coating on the leaves, stems, and flowers. To manage this disease, it is important to keep the plant dry and well-ventilated. This can be achieved by watering early in the morning, removing any infected plant material, and avoiding overcrowding.
Another disease that can affect Tribulus zeyheri is rust. This is also a fungal disease that appears as rusty-orange spots on the leaves and stems. To manage this disease, it is important to remove any infected plant material and keep the plant well-watered. Fungicides can also be used if the infection is severe.
Common Pests
The most common pests that can affect Tribulus zeyheri are aphids and spider mites. Both of these pests feed on the sap of the plant and can cause damage to the leaves and flowers. To manage these pests, it is important to introduce natural predators such as ladybugs and lacewings. Insecticidal soap can also be used to control their populations.
Another pest that can affect Tribulus zeyheri is the root-knot nematode. This pest attacks the roots of the plant and can cause stunted growth and yellowing leaves. To manage this pest, it is important to rotate crops and use nematode-resistant varieties.
Conclusion
By being proactive and taking steps to prevent and manage diseases and pests, you can keep your Tribulus zeyheri Sond. plant healthy and thriving. Regular monitoring, proper watering, and the use of natural predators and treatments can help ensure that your plant remains free of problems.
