Overview
Tisserantodendron chevalieri Sillans, commonly known as Tisserant's Milicia, is a tree species found in parts of Africa. It is a member of the family Moraceae and was first discovered by French botanist Henri Tisserant.
Origin and Distribution
Tisserantodendron chevalieri is native to West and Central Africa, with a range stretching from Nigeria to Congo. It is typically found in rainforests and can grow up to 45 meters in height with a trunk that can reach a diameter of 2 meters.
Common Names
Aside from Tisserant's Milicia, this tree species is known by several other common names, including African Milicia, Congo Teak, Central African Teak, and Makao.
Appearance and Characteristics
The Tisserantodendron chevalieri tree has a smooth bark that is light grey in color and can develop vertical fissures as it ages. Its leaves are simple and alternate, with prominent veins and a glossy, dark green color. The tree produces small yellow-green flowers that bloom from June to August, which then give way to spherical fruit that measures about 2-3 cm in diameter.
Uses
Tisserant's Milicia is a valuable source of timber and its wood is used in general construction, furniture making, and flooring. The bark and roots of the tree have also been used in traditional medicine to treat various ailments such as fever, dysentery, and respiratory problems.
Given its ecological significance, the Tisserantodendron chevalieri has been identified as a priority species for conservation efforts in some African countries.
Light
Tisserantodendron chevalieri Sillans thrives best in partial or full shade, and it prefers to grow under the canopies of taller trees. Direct sunlight can scorch the leaves and adversely affect its growth.
Temperature
The optimal temperature range for Tisserantodendron chevalieri Sillans is 20-25°C (68-77°F). It cannot tolerate frost or extreme heat. Therefore, it is best suited for tropical or subtropical climates.
Soil Requirements
Tisserantodendron chevalieri Sillans prefers well-draining, moderately fertile soils. High moisture retentive or waterlogged soils can lead to root decay and plant death. Sandy loams or soils with a mixture of clay, loam, and sand are the most suitable for planting.
Cultivation Methods
Tisserantodendron chevalieri Sillans is an evergreen plant that thrives in well-draining soils with a pH of 6.5-7.5. Plant it in a location where it can receive partial to full sunlight for optimal growth. This plant can be propagated through seeds or cuttings. It is recommended to plant them in the spring season when the soil is warm.
Watering Needs
This plant requires frequent watering, especially in the first year after planting. The soil should be kept moist, but not waterlogged, as it may lead to root rot. It is advisable to water early in the morning or late in the evening to avoid water evaporation. During the winter, the plant needs less watering frequency, and the soil should be allowed to dry out before watering.
Fertilization
Tisserantodendron chevalieri Sillans is a heavy feeder and requires regular fertilization. During the growing season, use a balanced fertilizer every two weeks to provide the necessary nutrients. During the winter, reduce the frequency of fertilization to once a month. Always follow the manufacturer's instructions when using fertilizers.
Pruning
This plant requires minimal pruning, usually in the late winter or early spring to remove dead, damaged, or crossing branches. It helps to shape the plant, promote air circulation and increase light penetration. Always use sharp and clean pruning shears to prevent the spread of diseases.
Propagation of Tisserantodendron chevalieri Sillans
Tisserantodendron chevalieri Sillans, commonly known as the African pear tree, is usually propagated via seed. However, it can also be propagated using vegetative methods such as cuttings and grafting.
Propagation by Seed
The best time to collect seeds is during the fruiting season, which is usually between September and December. The seeds should be collected when the fruit is ripe and the flesh is soft.
The seeds should be washed with clean water and then soaked in warm water for 24 hours. After soaking, the seeds should be planted in a nursery bed or seed tray filled with well-draining soil. The seeds should be covered lightly with soil and kept moist. Germination usually occurs within 3 to 4 weeks.
When the seedlings have grown to a height of about 10cm, they can be transplanted into individual pots or into the field.
Propagation by Cuttings
Cuttings can be taken from actively growing shoots during the rainy season. The cuttings should be about 20cm long and should be taken from the middle part of the shoot.
The basal end of the cutting should be treated with a rooting hormone and planted in a rooting medium made up of sand and organic matter. The cuttings should be kept moist and placed under shade for about four weeks until rooting occurs.
The rooted cuttings can then be transplanted into individual pots or into the field.
Propagation by Grafting
Grafting is usually done during the rainy season. The scion, which is usually a young shoot from the desired plant, is grafted onto a rootstock of a related species. The rootstock should be healthy and disease-free.
The grafted plant should be kept under shade after grafting until the scion has started to grow. The grafted plant can then be gradually exposed to sunlight and eventually transplanted into the field.
Propagation by grafting is usually done by experienced propagators due to the risk of failure.
Disease and Pest Management for Tisserantodendron Chevalieri Sillans
Tisserantodendron chevalieri Sillans is a rare and endangered tree species found in the tropical rainforests of West and Central Africa. As with any plant, it is susceptible to diseases and pests that can impact its health and growth. Proper disease and pest management techniques can help ensure the continued survival of this species.
Common Diseases
The most common disease affecting Tisserantodendron chevalieri Sillans is root rot. This disease is caused by a fungus that thrives in poorly drained soil. Symptoms include yellowing leaves, wilting, and stunted growth. To prevent root rot, ensure that the plant is not overwatered and that the soil drains well. Fungicides can be used to treat infected plants.
Another common disease affecting Tisserantodendron chevalieri Sillans is leaf blight. This disease is caused by a fungus that thrives in damp and humid conditions. Symptoms include yellow or brown spots on the leaves that eventually turn black and drop off. To prevent leaf blight, ensure that the plant is grown in well-ventilated areas and that the leaves are kept dry. Fungicides can be used to treat infected plants.
Common Pests
The most common pests affecting Tisserantodendron chevalieri Sillans are thrips and mealybugs. Thrips are tiny insects that feed on the leaves, causing yellow spots and distortions. Mealybugs are small, soft-bodied insects that suck sap from the plant, causing stunted growth and deformities. To control these pests, use insecticidal soaps or horticultural oils. Biological control agents, such as ladybugs and lacewings, can also be used.
Another common pest affecting Tisserantodendron chevalieri Sillans is the termite. Termites feed on the wood and roots of the plant, causing significant damage and even death. To prevent termite infestations, use termite-resistant building materials and keep the plant well-maintained. If a termite infestation is detected, professional treatment may be necessary.
By practicing proper disease and pest management techniques, the health and growth of Tisserantodendron chevalieri Sillans can be ensured. Regular monitoring and early intervention are key to preventing and controlling problems.
