Origin
Tiliacora pynaertii De Wild. is a climbing vine that is indigenous to central and western Africa.
Common Names
This plant is commonly known as "Ntong" in Cameroon, "Manchiankina" in the Central African Republic, and "Adohe" in Congo.
Uses
Tiliacora pynaertii De Wild. has various medicinal uses. It is traditionally used to treat fever, malaria, and other tropical diseases as it contains alkaloids and flavonoids with antimalarial and anti-inflammatory properties. The plant is also used as a food source; the leaves, stems, and fruits are consumed, and the plant is known for its bitter taste.
General Appearance
Tiliacora pynaertii De Wild. is a climbing vine that can grow up to 30 meters in length. The plant has a woody stem with tendrils that help it cling to other vegetation. Its leaves are glossy, heart-shaped, and approximately 8-25 cm long. The flowers are small and greenish-yellow, and the fruit is a fleshy, edible berry that is approximately 1 cm in diameter.
Light Requirements
Tiliacora pynaertii De Wild. is a tropical plant that prefers bright, indirect light. It can tolerate some direct sunlight, but too much can cause leaf burning. Placing the plant near an east-facing window or providing it with fluorescent grow lights for 12-16 hours per day can provide adequate light for healthy growth.
Temperature Requirements
Tiliacora pynaertii De Wild. thrives in warm temperatures between 18-30°C (65-85°F). This plant does not tolerate cold temperatures well and should be kept away from drafts or in areas with consistent temperatures.
Soil Requirements
Well-draining soil is necessary for Tiliacora pynaertii De Wild. to prevent root rot. A high-quality potting mix that contains perlite or sand is recommended. The soil should have a pH level between 5.5-6.5. Adding organic fertilizer can also aid in the growth of this plant.
Cultivation of Tiliacora pynaertii De Wild.
Tiliacora pynaertii De Wild. grows well in well-draining soil that is rich in organic matter. The plant can tolerate partial shade to full sun, but it prefers bright, indirect light. In areas with hot and dry climates, it is best to grow the plant in afternoon shade. The plant can be propagated from stem cuttings or seeds. If growing from seeds, they should be soaked in water for a few hours before sowing.
Watering Needs of Tiliacora pynaertii De Wild.
Tiliacora pynaertii De Wild. requires regular watering to keep the soil moist. However, overwatering can lead to root rot, so it is important to ensure that the soil is well-draining. In hot and dry climates, the plant may require more watering. To avoid fungal diseases, watering should be done in the morning, and the foliage should be kept dry.
Fertilization of Tiliacora pynaertii De Wild.
Tiliacora pynaertii De Wild. benefits from regular fertilization during the growing season. A balanced fertilizer with equal amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium should be applied every two weeks. If using organic fertilizer, it should be applied every four weeks. Over-fertilization can lead to excess foliage and poor flowering.
Pruning of Tiliacora pynaertii De Wild.
Tiliacora pynaertii De Wild. can be pruned to control its size and shape. It can also be pruned after flowering to encourage bushier growth and a more compact form. Remove any dead or diseased branches to prevent the spread of disease. It is important to sterilize the pruning tools before and after use to prevent the spread of disease.
Propagation of Tiliacora pynaertii De Wild.
Tiliacora pynaertii De Wild. can be propagated through various methods. The plant can be propagated through stem cuttings, seeds, and air layering. The following are the primary methods used for propagation:
Stem cuttings
Stem cuttings are an easy and quick way to propagate Tiliacora pynaertii De Wild. This method involves taking a healthy stem cutting with at least three leaves. The cutting should be around 4 to 6 inches long. Remove the bottom leaves of the stem and dip the cut end in rooting hormone. Plant the cutting in a well-draining soil mix and keep it moist. Place the cutting in indirect sunlight and ensure it gets enough moisture until it develops roots.
Seeds
Propagation through seeds is another method used for Tiliacora pynaertii De Wild. Seeds can be obtained from a mature plant. Extract the seeds from the ripe fruit and remove the pulp. Soak the seeds overnight in water, and then plant the seeds in a well-draining soil mix. Keep the soil moist and in indirect sunlight. The seeds will germinate in about three to four weeks.
Air Layering
Air layering is a propagation method that involves creating a root system on a stem while it is still attached to the mother plant. This method is useful for plants that are hard to root from cuttings or have large stems. Cut a section of the stem near a node and make a small wound below the node. Apply rooting hormone to the wound and wrap the area with damp sphagnum moss. Keep the moss moist, and after some weeks, roots will develop from the stem. Sever the newly rooted stem from the mother plant, plant it in a well-draining soil mix, and provide the appropriate care.
Disease and Pest Management for Tiliacora pynaertii De Wild.
Tiliacora pynaertii De Wild. is a tropical plant that is generally resistant to pests and diseases. However, under certain conditions, it can be susceptible to some common pests and diseases.
Pests
One of the most common pests that affect Tiliacora pynaertii De Wild. is the mealybug. Mealybugs are sap-sucking insects that can cause yellowing, wilting, and stunted growth. They can also transmit plant viruses. A natural way to control mealybugs is to introduce beneficial insects like ladybugs and lacewings, which prey on them. Using insecticidal soaps or neem oil on affected plants can also help control mealybug infestations. Additionally, removing and disposing of heavily-infested plants can prevent the spread of mealybugs to healthy plants.
Another common pest that can affect Tiliacora pynaertii De Wild. is the spider mite. Spider mites are tiny arachnids that feed on plant sap, causing yellowing and browning of leaves. They can also leave webbing on plants. Like mealybugs, beneficial insects like predatory mites can be introduced to control spider mite populations. Insecticidal soaps or neem oil can also be used to control spider mites.
Diseases
One of the most common diseases that affect Tiliacora pynaertii De Wild. is root rot. Root rot is caused by soilborne fungi that thrive in moist, poorly-drained soil. Symptoms of root rot include yellowing, wilting, and eventual death of the plant. To prevent root rot, avoid overwatering and ensure proper drainage. Fungicides can also be used to control root rot, but prevention is the best approach.
Another common disease that can affect Tiliacora pynaertii De Wild. is powdery mildew. Powdery mildew is a fungal disease that appears as a white powdery coating on leaves. It can cause leaves to yellow, wilt, and drop prematurely. To treat powdery mildew, remove and dispose of affected plant parts. Fungicides can also be used to control powdery mildew.
Overall, the best approach to disease and pest management for Tiliacora pynaertii De Wild. is prevention. Proper plant care, such as providing adequate water and nutrients, can promote plant health and reduce the risk of pests and diseases. Regularly inspecting plants for signs of pests and diseases can help catch infestations early, before they become serious problems.
