Thunbergia proximoides De Wild.
Thunbergia proximoides De Wild. is a perennial plant species belonging to the family Acanthaceae. It is native to tropical and subtropical regions of Africa, where it grows as an understorey shrub in highland and montane forests. The plant is commonly known as "Bush Clock Vine" or "Phakamisa" in South Africa.
General Appearance
The Thunbergia proximoides De Wild. plant has a sprawling habit, with long stems that can grow up to 2m in length. It has evergreen leaves that are simple, opposite, ovate or lanceolate, and up to 12 cm long. The leaves are dark green in color and have a slightly hairy texture on the underside.
The flowers of Thunbergia proximoides De Wild. are showy and tubular in shape, with five petals that are fused at the base, forming a funnel-shaped corolla. The flowers are bright orange-yellow in color and up to 4 cm in diameter. They bloom in late winter to early spring, attracting bees, butterflies, and other pollinators.
Uses
Thunbergia proximoides De Wild. has various medicinal uses in traditional African medicine. It is used to treat various ailments, including stomach ache, diarrhea, and respiratory infections. The leaves and roots are also used to make a tonic that is believed to have a range of therapeutic properties.
In addition to its medicinal uses, Thunbergia proximoides De Wild. is also grown as an ornamental plant in gardens and parks. It is a popular choice for trellises and fences due to its sprawling habit and vibrant flowers. The plant prefers partial shade and moist, well-drained soil, making it an easy-to-grow option for gardeners.
Light Requirements
Thunbergia proximoides De Wild. grows well under full sunlight exposure. Therefore, it is recommended to plant in areas with direct sunlight of at least 6 hours a day. However, it can also tolerate partial shade, especially in hot summer months.
Temperature Requirements
The plant thrives in warm environments with temperatures ranging from 20 to 30 degrees Celsius. It is sensitive to extreme temperatures and frost, which can damage or kill the plant altogether. Therefore, it is vital to protect the plant from extreme weather changes.
Soil Requirements
Thunbergia proximoides De Wild. prefers well-drained soils rich in organic matter. It can grow well in sandy, loamy, or clay soils but requires the pH level of the soil to be between 6.0 and 7.5 for optimal growth. Additionally, the soil should have adequate water retention capacity to prevent drying out, especially in hot and dry weather conditions.
Cultivation Methods
Thunbergia proximoides De Wild., also known as Red Tower, is a beautiful and hardy plant that can be grown easily in both indoor and outdoor settings. It is a fast-growing vine that can reach up to 10 feet in height, so providing support like a trellis or a stake is essential. This plant is suitable for USDA zones 9-11 and requires well-draining soil with a pH range between 6.0 and 7.5.
Watering Needs
Watering is an essential aspect of caring for Thunbergia proximoides. This plant prefers to be kept evenly moist but not waterlogged. It is best to water it deeply once a week, depending on the weather conditions and the soil's moisture content. Be sure to allow the soil to dry slightly between watering intervals to prevent root rot and fungal diseases.
Fertilization
Fertilization is also crucial in Thunbergia proximoides' care. It is best to fertilize the plant once a month during the growing season using a balanced, water-soluble fertilizer. Over-fertilizing can lead to excessive foliage growth and reduced flowering, so it is essential to be cautious and measure the amount of fertilizer accurately.
Pruning
Thunbergia proximoides requires regular pruning to maintain its shape and promote flowering. It is best to prune the plant in late winter or early spring before the new growth appears. During this pruning session, remove any dead, damaged or diseased stems. Additionally, pruning can help control the plant's size and promote branching, resulting in bushier growth and more abundant flowering.
Propagation of Thunbergia proximoides De Wild.
Thunbergia proximoides De Wild. can be propagated through different methods such as:
Seed Propagation
The plant produces a relatively large amount of seeds during the flowering season. The ideal time for collecting the seeds is when the pod starts to dry out and turn brown. The seeds should be removed from the pod, cleaned, and stored in a cool, dry place until planting time. The seeds can be planted directly in the soil or in seed trays filled with a well-draining potting mix. The seeds should be sown one centimeter deep and the soil should be kept moist until the seeds germinate, which typically takes two to four weeks.
Cutting Propagation
Thunbergia proximoides De Wild. can also be propagated through stem cuttings. To do this, find a healthy stem and cut it at an angle just below a node. Remove the lower leaves and any flowers or buds. Dip the cut end in rooting hormone powder and plant it in a pot filled with a well-draining potting mix. Water the cutting well and cover it with a plastic bag to create a greenhouse-like environment. Place the pot in a warm, bright spot, but out of direct sunlight. The cutting should root in around four to six weeks.
DIVISION PROPAGATION
Another way to propagate Thunbergia proximoides De Wild. is through division. This method involves dividing an established plant into smaller sections, each with its own roots. The best time to divide the plant is in the early spring. Dig up the plant and gently separate the root mass into sections, making sure each section has a good amount of roots and foliage. Replant the divided sections in well-draining soil and keep them well-watered until they become established.
Disease Management
Thunbergia proximoides De Wild. is generally resistant to most diseases. However, certain fungus and bacterial diseases may affect the plant. The common diseases that may affect the plant are:
- Leaf Spot: It is a fungal disease that causes small spots on the leaves, which eventually turn brown and enlarge. It can be controlled by keeping the plants well-spaced, and avoiding overhead watering.
- Powdery Mildew: It is a fungal disease that causes a white powdery coating on leaves, making them appear grey. The infected leaves eventually become distorted and may fall off. It can be controlled by removing the infected leaves and avoiding overhead watering.
- Bacterial Blight: It is a bacterial disease that causes brown spots on the leaves. The spots may drop out, leaving the leaves with holes. It can be controlled by removing the infected leaves and avoiding overhead watering.
If the plant is severely infected with any of the above diseases, the entire plant should be removed, and the area should be disinfected to prevent further infection.
Pest Management
The most common pests that may affect Thunbergia proximoides De Wild. are:
- Aphids: They are small, soft-bodied insects that suck the sap from the leaves and stems, causing stunted growth and distorted leaves. They can be controlled by using an insecticidal soap or neem oil spray.
- Spider Mites: They are tiny, eight-legged pests that spin webs on the leaves and suck sap, causing yellowing and browning. They can be controlled by spraying the plant with water or using an insecticidal soap or neem oil spray.
- Caterpillars: They are the larvae of moths and butterflies that eat leaves, causing extensive damage. They can be controlled by using a Bacillus thuringiensis (BT) spray.
If the plant is severely infested with any of the above pests, it can be treated with chemical pesticides. However, it is recommended to use natural remedies or pest control methods first.
