Overview
Thelypodium integrifolium (Nutt.) Endl. ex Walp. var. gracilipes B.L. Robins. is a herbaceous perennial plant that belongs to the Brassicaceae family. It is commonly known as the wholeleaf thelypody and can be found in various regions of North America.
Appearance
The wholeleaf thelypody has a slender stem that grows up to 60 cm in height. Its leaves are entire, meaning they have no teeth or lobes, and are oblong or lanceolate in shape. The plant blooms during the summer months, producing flowers with four petals that range in color from white to lavender.
Origin and Distribution
The wholeleaf thelypody is native to North America and can be found in various regions throughout the continent such as the western half of Canada from British Columbia to the central United States stretching to Colorado and Nevada in the south. It grows in open forests, grasslands, and meadows at high elevations, mainly between approximately 1500 and 3400 meters above sea level.
Uses
The wholeleaf thelypody is often planted in gardens as an ornamental plant due to its attractive flowers. However, some indigenous peoples of North America used the plant for medicinal purposes. For instance, the Blackfoot Nation utilized its root to treat stomach issues and fever.
Light Requirements
The Thelypodium integrifolium (Nutt.) Endl. ex Walp. var. gracilipes B.L. Robins. requires full sun exposure to grow optimally. This species is an excellent option for planting in open fields or areas with plenty of light.
Temperature Requirements
Thelypodium integrifolium (Nutt.) Endl. ex Walp. var. gracilipes B.L. Robins. thrives in temperatures ranging from 55 to 80 degrees Fahrenheit. It can tolerate some variation in temperature, but it is best to avoid exposing the plant to extreme temperatures below 40 degrees or above 90 degrees Fahrenheit.
Soil Requirements
The plant prefers well-drained, fertile soils that allow for easy penetration of roots. This species can grow in a wide range of soil types, including sandy soils, clay soils, and loamy soils. However, the soil must be enriched with organic matter to improve drainage. Additionally, the pH level of the soil should be between 5.5 and 7.0 for optimal growth.
Cultivation Methods
Thelypodium integrifolium (Nutt.) Endl. ex Walp. var. gracilipes B.L. Robins., commonly known as Indian Basketgrass, prefers to grow in direct sunlight or partial shade. This plant is highly adaptable and can thrive in different soil types, including sandy, loamy, or clayey soils.
It is recommended to grow Thelypodium integrifolium from seeds during the spring or early summer. The seeds can be sown directly onto the soil or started indoors and transplanted later. It is essential to keep the soil moist and well-drained for optimal growth.
Watering Needs
Thelypodium integrifolium (Nutt.) Endl. ex Walp. var. gracilipes B.L. Robins. requires regular watering to maintain its growth. It is best to water this plant every 7 to 10 days, but the frequency may vary depending on the surrounding temperature, humidity, and rainfall.
Ensure that the soil is moistened down to the root level and avoid overwatering which may cause root rot. During hot and dry weather, adding a layer of mulch around the base of the plant can improve soil moisture retention.
Fertilization
Thelypodium integrifolium (Nutt.) Endl. ex Walp. var. gracilipes B.L. Robins. may benefit from an annual application of organic fertilizer during the spring season. A slow-release fertilizer can also be used following the manufacturer's instructions to avoid overfertilization that may cause damage to the plant.
Notice the signs of nutrient deficiency, which can manifest into yellowing leaves, stunted growth, and reduced flowering. In this case, a balanced fertilizer with equal parts of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium can help replenish the missing nutrients.
Pruning
Thelypodium integrifolium (Nutt.) Endl. ex Walp. var. gracilipes B.L. Robins. does not require regular pruning, but it can benefit from occasional maintenance to remove yellowed or damaged leaves, stems, or flowers.
Pruning can also help manage the plant's size and shape, although it is generally considered an optional process for this species. Prune during the growing season, using sharp and clean pruning shears to minimize the risk of infection or injury.
Propagation Methods for Thelypodium integrifolium (Nutt.) Endl. ex Walp. var. gracilipes B.L. Robins.
Thelypodium integrifolium (Nutt.) Endl. ex Walp. var. gracilipes B.L. Robins., also known as the slender-stemmed mustard, can be propagated through different methods, including seeds, stem cuttings, and division.
Seeds
The easiest way to propagate Thelypodium integrifolium is by using seeds. The seeds can be collected in the fall when the seedpods have dried out and turned brown. They can be sown directly in the garden or in containers filled with well-draining soil. It is recommended to cover the seeds lightly with soil to protect them from birds and other animals. The ideal temperature for germination is around 18 - 21°C.
Stem Cuttings
Propagation through stem cuttings is another option for Thelypodium integrifolium. The best time to take stem cuttings is in early summer when the plant is actively growing. Cut a 10-15 cm long stem from the plant, making the cut just below a node. Remove the lower leaves, leaving only the top few. Dip the cut end of the stem into rooting hormone and plant it in a container filled with well-draining soil. Keep the soil moist and place the container in a spot with bright, indirect light.
Division
Thelypodium integrifolium can also be propagated through division. This is best done in early spring or fall when the plant is not actively growing. Carefully dig up the plant, being sure to keep the roots intact. Use a sharp knife or garden shears to divide the plant into several sections, making sure each section has roots attached. Replant each section in a new location or container filled with well-draining soil.
Disease Management
Thelypodium integrifolium var. gracilipes can be affected by certain diseases, such as:
- Powdery mildew: This fungal disease appears as a white, powdery growth on the leaves and stems. It can be controlled by spraying the plant with a fungicide containing sulfur or neem oil. Ensure that there is good air circulation around the plant, and water from below to prevent the spread of the disease.
- Black spot: This fungal disease appears as black spots on the leaves, which can cause the leaves to yellow and drop prematurely. It can be controlled by removing infected leaves, avoiding overhead watering, and applying a fungicide containing copper or neem oil.
- Verticillium wilt: This fungal disease causes yellowing and wilting of the leaves, eventually leading to plant death. There is no cure for this disease, so infected plants should be removed and destroyed to prevent its spread to other plants in the area.
Pest Management
Thelypodium integrifolium var. gracilipes can be affected by certain pests, such as:
- Aphids: These small insects can appear in large numbers on the leaves and stems, sucking the sap and causing distortion and yellowing of the leaves. They can be controlled by spraying the plant with a solution of soapy water, neem oil, or a natural insecticide.
- Spider mites: These small arachnids can build webs on the leaves and stems, sucking the sap and causing yellowing and dryness of the leaves. They can be controlled by spraying the plant with a solution of soapy water, neem oil, or a natural insecticide.
- Cabbage worms: These green caterpillars can eat through the leaves, causing large holes and damage to the plant. They can be controlled by handpicking them off the plant, using row covers to prevent their entry, or using a natural insecticide containing Bacillus thuringiensis.
