Description of Thamnocalamus tessellatus (Nees) Soderstr. & R.P.Ellis
Thamnocalamus tessellatus (Nees) Soderstr. & R.P.Ellis is a beautiful and unique plant that is popularly known as the Tesselated Bamboo or Square Stemmed Bamboo. It is a perennial clumping bamboo species, belonging to the family Poaceae and subfamily Bambusoideae.
Origin and Distribution
Thamnocalamus tessellatus is native to the Khasia Hills of Northeast India and Bangladesh, where it grows in subtropical and warm temperate forests. It is a high-altitude bamboo and can grow up to 4000 ft or more above sea level. It is also found in neighboring countries like Bhutan and Myanmar.
Appearance
This bamboo species is a special attraction for garden enthusiasts, designers, and landscapers. The plant is relatively small, growing up to 20ft tall with a diameter of 0.75-1.5 inches. The culms/stems are straight and erect with prominent nodes and more importantly, are square in shape, which sets it apart from other bamboo species. The green leaves are slender, about 8-12 inches in length, and 1-2 inches in width, giving the plant a delicate and graceful appearance.
Uses
Thamnocalamus tessellatus has a wide range of uses. The bamboo's strong and stable square culms make it a popular choice for building furniture, handicrafts, and construction materials. The young shoots are edible and are used in the preparation of traditional dishes in northeastern India and China. The plant also has medicinal properties, with its leaves contributing to the production of herbal remedies to cure various ailments. In addition, the plant's ornamental value makes it ideal for landscaping activities, with its unique square-stemmed structure producing a visual appeal for outdoor spaces.
In summary, Thamnocalamus tessellatus is a fascinating plant with ecological, economic, and cultural significance. From providing raw materials for construction and crafts to herbal medicine, it is indeed a versatile plant deserving of recognition and conservation.hereLight Requirements for Thamnocalamus tessellatus
Thamnocalamus tessellatus is a shade-tolerant bamboo species that thrives in partial sun to full shade conditions. Direct sunlight can scorch the leaves, so it is best to place this plant in a spot that receives filtered light or morning sun with afternoon shade.
Temperature Requirements for Thamnocalamus tessellatus
This bamboo species can tolerate a wide range of temperatures, but it prefers a moderate climate. In general, Thamnocalamus tessellatus grows best in areas with an average temperature of 60-80°F (16-27°C) during the growing season. During the winter, it can tolerate temperatures as low as -10°F (-23°C) as long as the soil is well-drained.
Soil Requirements for Thamnocalamus tessellatus
Thamnocalamus tessellatus can grow in a variety of soils, but it prefers a well-draining, fertile soil that is rich in organic matter. The soil pH should be slightly acidic to neutral, with a range of 6.0-7.0. This species also requires consistent moisture, so it is important to ensure that the soil doesn't dry out completely. Mulching around the base of the plant can help retain moisture and provide necessary nutrients.
Cultivation
Thamnocalamus tessellatus, commonly known as tessellated bamboo, is a clumping bamboo native to China. It can be grown successfully in USDA hardiness zones 7-10. The plant prefers well-drained soil and partial to full sun exposure. It can tolerate a variety of soils, including clay, loamy, and sandy soils.
Watering
Thamnocalamus tessellatus requires consistent moisture to thrive, especially during the growing season. The plant should be watered deeply once a week, but the frequency may vary depending on the climate and soil conditions. It is important to allow the soil to dry slightly between waterings to prevent overwatering, which can cause root rot.
Fertilization
Fertilizing Thamnocalamus tessellatus can promote healthy growth and improve overall plant vigor. A general-purpose fertilizer can be applied in the spring and fall. The amount of fertilizer applied depends on the size of the plant and the soil conditions. It is important not to over-fertilize, as it can cause excessive foliage growth and weaken the plant's structure.
Pruning
Pruning is not necessary for Thamnocalamus tessellatus, but it can help thin out older canes and promote new growth. Dead or damaged canes can be removed at the base, and the remaining canes can be pruned to the desired height. Pruning should be performed in the late winter or early spring before new growth begins.
Propagation of Thamnocalamus tessellatus
Thamnocalamus tessellatus is a rhizomatous bamboo plant known for its clumping growth pattern and its beautiful tessellated culms. It is propagated through two primary methods: division and seed.
Division
Division involves separating the rhizomes of an established Thamnocalamus tessellatus plant to create new individuals. It is best done during the spring or fall, when the plant is not actively growing. First, carefully dig up the rootball of the parent plant, and use a sharp cutting tool to divide the rhizomes into sections. Ensure that each section contains at least one culm and a sufficient number of healthy roots. Then, replant each division in a new pot or location immediately after dividing them. Keep the soil moist and protect the plants from direct sunlight until they establish themselves.
Seed Propagation
Seed propagation of Thamnocalamus tessellatus is a more challenging method than division, but it can be rewarding. This plant produces spikelets of flowers that eventually produce seed. To propagate through seed, first, collect the seeds from a mature plant once they ripen and turn brown. To improve germination, scarify the seeds by rubbing them lightly with sandpaper to remove the waxy coating that covers them. Soak the seeds in water overnight, then sow them in a seed-starting mix in a warm environment. Keep the soil moist and maintain temperatures between 70°F and 80°F. Be patient, as bamboo seeds can take up to six months to germinate.
Whichever propagation method you choose, care for the new plants as you would an established Thamnocalamus tessellatus plant. With a little patience and attention, you will have beautiful and healthy bamboo plants.
Disease and Pest Management for Thamnocalamus Tessellatus
Thamnocalamus tessellatus is a robust bamboo species that can resist a broad range of diseases and pests. However, some common diseases and pests can still affect your plant. Here, we provide detailed information on how to manage diseases and pests to ensure your Thamnocalamus tessellatus remains healthy and beautiful.
Common diseases
Gall rust: This disease causes raised bumps on the plant, and if untreated, it can cause severe leaves deformation and stunting. To control the disease, prune and destroy the affected areas, apply fungicides to protect the plant from further damage, and maintain proper sanitation around the plant.
Bamboo mosaic virus: It causes yellow streaking and mottling on the leaves, resulting in stunted growth and reduced vigor. There is no cure for this virus, so the best way to control the spread is by removing and burning all infected plant parts.
Common Pests
Bamboo spider mite: These pests suck on the bamboo plant's juices, causing leaf discoloration and reduced growth rates. You can control them by applying insecticides or introducing predatory insects such as ladybugs and lacewings.
Bamboo leaf roller: The caterpillar feeds on leaves, rolling itself into a leaf ball after feeding, making it hard to detect and control. You can pick and destroy affected leaves regularly and use insecticides after identifying the infestation.
Bamboo borer: These pests create tunnels inside the bamboo plant, damaging its structural integrity. The best way to control them is by removing infested plants, pruning and destroying infested parts of plants, and ensuring proper sanitation around the plant.
In conclusion, by maintaining proper hygiene measures, opting for disease-resistant species, and using organic methods of pest control, you can protect your Thamnocalamus tessellatus plant from diseases and pests while maintaining a healthy environment for it to thrive.
