Overview
Tetraplasandra oahuensis (Gray) H.A.T. Harms var. fauriei Sherff is a species of plant that belongs to the family Araliaceae. It is native to the Hawaiian islands and is commonly known as 'Ohe mauka, or simply 'ohe. This evergreen tree was once widespread throughout the Hawaiian archipelago, but is now endangered and found primarily on the islands of Oahu and Kauai.
General Appearance
Tetraplasandra oahuensis has a unique and striking appearance. It can grow up to 30 feet tall and has a canopy that can span up to 25 feet in diameter. The tree has a slender trunk that is usually about 15 inches in diameter. The leaves are simple, ranging from around one foot to over two feet long. They are oblong in shape, with a glossy green color and a smooth texture.
Uses
The wood of Tetraplasandra oahuensis is known for its strength and is used in the construction of canoes, paddles, and other traditional objects. The leaves and bark of the tree are also used in Hawaiian medicine to treat a variety of ailments, including stomach pain and fever. In addition, the tree is a popular ornamental plant, grown for its unique appearance and ornamental value.
Conservation Status
Tetraplasandra oahuensis is considered endangered due to habitat loss and predation by invasive species. Conservation efforts are underway to protect and restore the remaining populations of this species. One such effort is the O?ahu Plant Conservation Center (OPCC), which works to propagate and reintroduce Tetraplasandra oahuensis into its native habitat.
Light Requirements
Tetraplasandra oahuensis (Gray) H.A.T. Harms var. fauriei Sherff prefers partial to full shade but can tolerate some direct sunlight during the early morning or late afternoon. Too much direct sunlight can scorch its leaves.
Temperature Requirements
This plant thrives in warm temperatures and does best within a range of 60-85 °F (16-29°C). It can tolerate temperatures as low as 50°F (10°C) but may experience damage or slow growth below this temperature range.
Soil Requirements
In its natural habitat, Tetraplasandra oahuensis (Gray) H.A.T. Harms var. fauriei Sherff grows in well-draining soil that is rich in organic matter. It prefers a slightly acidic to neutral pH between 5.5 and 7.5. The soil should also retain moisture but not be overly waterlogged, as this can cause root rot.
Cultivation Methods
Tetraplasandra oahuensis var. fauriei Sherff or commonly known as Faurie's Tetraplasandra is a fascinating plant to grow. It is sensitive to cold temperatures and thrives in warm and humid conditions, making it an ideal indoor plant. Choose a spot indoors where it can receive bright but indirect light, and ensure the ambient room temperature remains between 18 to 22 °C.
When planting, choose a pot with good drainage to avoid waterlogging. The plant prefers moist, well-draining soil that is rich in organic matter. Ensure the soil is slightly acidic with a pH of 5.5 to 6.5.
Watering Needs
Faurie's Tetraplasandra loves moist soil. Keep the soil evenly moist, but avoid overwatering. Allow the top inch of soil to dry out between watering sessions, but ensure that the soil never dries out entirely. During the winter months, reduce watering to prevent waterlogging and root rot.
Fertilization
Feed the plant with a balanced water-soluble fertilizer every month while it is actively growing. Use a half-strength solution to prevent over-fertilizing, which may damage the plant. Do not fertilize during the winter months as the plant is dormant, and fertilizing may cause root burn.
Pruning
Pruning is not mandatory for Tetraplasandra oahuensis var. fauriei Sherff, but it helps to keep the plant neat and tidy. Take a pair of sterilized pruning shears and cut off any yellow or brown leaves close to the stem. You may also prune the plant to keep it a desired shape. Trim the branches using a slanted cut just above the node. Conduct pruning during the spring or summer months when the plant is actively growing.
Propagation of Tetraplasandra oahuensis var. fauriei Sherff
Tetraplasandra oahuensis var. fauriei Sherff, commonly known as 'Oha wai', 'Mamaki' or 'Hawaiian Berry Tree', is a shrub or small tree species that belongs to the Araliaceae family. The plant is native to Hawaii and can grow up to 6 meters tall. It's an important component of the Hawaiian ecosystem, as it provides food and habitat for various animals and insects.
Propagation Methods
Tetraplasandra oahuensis var. fauriei Sherff can be propagated through seeds, cuttings, or air-layering. Here are some details about each method:
Seeds:
The plant produces small, black berries that contain one or two seeds each. Once the berries are ripe, they can be collected, and the seeds can be extracted. The seeds should be cleaned and soaked in water for a few hours before planting. Plant the seeds in a mixture of peat moss and perlite and keep them evenly moist. Germination typically takes 3-4 weeks, at which point the seedlings can be transplanted to individual pots.
Cuttings:
Softwood or semi-hardwood stem cuttings are best for the propagation of Tetraplasandra oahuensis var. fauriei Sherff. Cuttings should be taken in spring or summer and should be at least 8-10 cm long. Remove the lower leaves and dip the cut end in rooting hormone to promote root growth. Plant the cutting in a well-drained potting mix and keep it consistently moist. Provide the cutting with indirect light until new growth appears.
Air-layering:
Air-layering is a propagation technique that involves removing a ring of bark from a stem and encouraging roots to form in the exposed area. It's best to air-layer in spring or summer when the plant is actively growing. Select a healthy stem and remove a small section of bark, about 2-3 cm wide. Apply rooting hormone to the exposed area and wrap it with damp sphagnum moss. Cover the moss with plastic wrap to keep it moist and secure it with tape. Roots should start to form in 2-3 months, at which point the new plant can be cut away from the parent plant and potted up in a well-draining mix.
Propagation of Tetraplasandra oahuensis var. fauriei Sherff can be challenging, but with patience and attention to detail, it's possible to successfully propagate this beautiful plant.
Disease Management
Tetraplasandra oahuensis is susceptible to various diseases that may affect its growth and yield. Here are some common diseases that might affect the plant:
- Leaf spot: This fungal disease is characterized by circular brown spots on the leaves. To manage it, remove and destroy infected leaves and use a fungicide according to the manufacturer's instructions.
- Root rot: This disease is caused by fungus that thrives in excessively wet soil conditions. To avoid it, ensure proper drainage and avoid overwatering the plant.
- Powdery mildew: This fungal disease causes a white powdery substance to form on the leaves. To manage it, remove infected leaves and use a fungicide as directed.
Pest Management
The most common pests that can attack Tetraplasandra oahuensis are mealybugs, scale insects, and spider mites. Here are some management strategies to control these pests:
- Mealybugs: These pests are white, fuzzy insects that suck sap from the leaves. To control them, use a cotton swab dipped in rubbing alcohol to wipe them off the leaves. Repeat this process until all the mealybugs are gone.
- Scale insects: These pests attach themselves to the leaves and stems, causing yellowing and stunted growth. To manage them, use a horticultural oil or insecticidal soap as directed on the label.
- Spider mites: These pests are tiny insects that create a web on the leaves. They can cause discoloration and loss of leaves. To manage them, spray the plant with water, or use a miticide as directed on the label.
