Overview of Tetraberlinia microphylla (Troupin) Aubrév.
Tetraberlinia microphylla (Troupin) Aubrév. is a large tree that belongs to the Fabaceae family. The plant is native to central and western Africa, where it can be found in countries such as Nigeria, Cameroon, Angola, and the Democratic Republic of Congo.
Common Names
The plant is commonly known as Afara and Paida in Nigeria, Mvuli in Tanzania, and Mvanga in Cameroon.
Uses of Tetraberlinia microphylla
Tetraberlinia microphylla is a highly valued tree in Africa due to its multiple uses. The bark, leaves, and seeds of the plant have medicinal properties that are used to treat various health conditions such as fever, cough, bronchitis, and hypertension. The bark of the tree is also used to treat wounds and skin infections.
Tetraberlinia microphylla is an important source of timber, which is used for making furniture, construction, and flooring. The wood of the tree is known for its durability and resistance to decay, making it a preferred choice for outdoor use.
In addition to its medicinal and commercial uses, Tetraberlinia microphylla is also used in traditional African practices. The plant is considered sacred and is used in cultural ceremonies such as weddings and funerals.
Appearance of Tetraberlinia microphylla
Tetraberlinia microphylla is a large tree that can grow up to 45 meters tall. The trunk of the tree is straight and can have a diameter of up to 2 meters. The bark of the tree is smooth and grayish-brown in color. The leaves are compound, with each leaflet being less than 6 mm long. The flowers of the plant are small and yellow, while the fruit is a pod that can be up to 30 cm long and 3 cm wide.
Light Requirements
Tetraberlinia microphylla can tolerate full sun to partial shade conditions. However, it prefers to grow under a partially shaded environment, with some shelter from direct sunlight.
Temperature Requirements
The plant grows in tropical and subtropical regions of Africa, where temperatures range between 18°C and 33°C. Tetraberlinia microphylla can tolerate a wide range of temperatures but thrives well in temperatures above 20°C.
Soil Requirements
The plant prefers well-draining soils that are rich in organic matter. The ideal soil pH range for the plant is between 5.0 and 6.5. It does not grow well in waterlogged soils. Sandy loam soils provide a favorable condition for the plant to thrive, making it ideal to grow in coastal areas.
Cultivation Methods
Tetraberlinia microphylla is a tropical plant that grows well in warm and humid climates. It can be cultivated both indoors and outdoors, preferably in a well-draining soil mix with organic matter. The plant requires adequate sunlight, so it should be placed in a spot with bright, indirect light. Direct sunlight can scorch the leaves, so it is advisable to provide shade during the hottest parts of the day.
The plant should be kept at a temperature between 18°C to 25°C, and it should be protected from cold drafts. When grown outdoors, the plant should be protected from strong winds as it can damage the foliage and weaken the plant's growth.
Watering Needs
Tetraberlinia microphylla prefers moderate watering, so the soil should not be allowed to dry out completely. Overwatering can lead to root rot and cause the plant to wilt. The frequency of watering will depend on the humidity levels and temperature of the environment. The soil should be kept moist but not waterlogged, and the excess water should be drained out of the pot to prevent the roots from drowning.
Fertilization
The plant should be fertilized every 2-3 weeks during the growing season (spring and summer), using a balanced liquid fertilizer. This will aid in the growth and development of the plant, and it will also help to promote the growth of healthy leaves and branches. Fertilization is not necessary during the dormant season (fall and winter) when the plant's growth has slowed down.
Pruning
To keep the plant healthy and well-shaped, occasional pruning may be necessary. The best time to prune Tetraberlinia microphylla is during the growing season (spring and summer). This will encourage the plant to produce new growth and improve its overall appearance. Dead and damaged branches should be removed, and any unwanted shoots should be pruned out. The plant can also be trimmed to control its size and shape.
When pruning, it is advisable to use clean and sharp tools to prevent damage to the plant. Clean and disinfect the tools before and after each use to prevent the spread of diseases and pests.
Propagation of Tetraberlinia microphylla
Tetraberlinia microphylla (Troupin) Aubrév., also known as the African Cherry, is a species of plant that belongs to the family Fabaceae. It is commonly found in West and Central Africa and is widely used as timber, medicine, and food.
Seed propagation
Propagation of Tetraberlinia microphylla can be done through seeds, which can be collected from mature fruits. The seeds should be cleaned, dried, and stored in a cool and dry place until ready for propagation.
Before sowing the seeds, they should be soaked in water for 24 hours to facilitate the seed coat's softening and improve germination rates. The seeds can then be sown in a mixture of sand, loam soil, and organic matter in a ratio of 2:1:1. The soil should be kept moist, and the seeds should be kept in a warm and well-lit location.
The seeds usually germinate within two to four weeks, and the seedlings should be transplanted into individual pots after they have developed two to three leaves.
Vegetative propagation
Tetraberlinia microphylla can also be propagated through vegetative means such as cuttings and grafting. Cuttings should be taken from mature trees during the dormant period and treated with a rooting hormone before planting in a mixture of sand and peat. The cuttings should be kept moist and in a warm and well-lit location until roots develop.
Grafting is another means of propagation, where a scion from a mature tree is attached to a seedling of Tetraberlinia microphylla and allowed to grow until they fuse. This method is usually done for the production of improved varieties.
Overall, the propagation of Tetraberlinia microphylla through seeds and vegetative means is relatively easy and can be done by both professionals and amateur gardeners.
Disease Management
Tetraberlinia microphylla is susceptible to various plant diseases. One of the most common diseases that may affect the plant is the leaf spot caused by the fungus Cercospora berberidis. This fungus causes yellowish-brown spots on the leaves, which eventually turn black. To manage this disease, it is essential to monitor the plant closely and remove the infected leaves as soon as possible. The use of fungicides may also help prevent the spread of the disease. Another disease that may affect Tetraberlinia microphylla is powdery mildew caused by the fungus Erysiphe cichoracearum. To control this disease, it is recommended to keep the plant in a well-ventilated area and to avoid watering the leaves.
Pest Management
Apart from diseases, pests pose a significant threat to the growth and development of Tetraberlinia microphylla. One of the most common pests that may attack the plant is the mealybug. These small, white insects suck the sap from the leaves and stems, causing stunted growth and the eventual death of the plant. To manage mealybugs, it is recommended to use natural predators like ladybugs or lacewings. Alternatively, one can use insecticidal soap or neem oil sprays. Another pest that may affect Tetraberlinia microphylla is the spider mite. Spider mites are tiny, reddish-brown insects that feed on the sap of the plant, causing yellow discoloration of leaves. To prevent the infestation of spider mites, it is recommended to keep the plant in a well-humidified and well-ventilated area. One can also use a neem oil spray as a natural deterrent to spider mites.
