Overview
Terminalia sericea Burch. ex DC. is a renowned deciduous tree species that belongs to the family Combretaceae.
Origin
Terminalia sericea is native to various regions in Africa such as Kenya, Madagascar, Zimbabwe, Tanzania, and South Africa.
Common Names
The plant goes by several common names in different regions such as Silver Cluster Leaf, river bushwillow, silky cluster-leaf, gewone terminalia, Motsatsi, Mmino, etc.
Appearance
The tree often grows up to a height of 12 meters, with a trunk that is about 1.5 meters in diameter. It has branches that grow horizontally from the trunk, forming a dense, rounded crown. Terminalia sericea is characterized by glossy leaves that are elliptical in shape and silver-gray in color. The bark of the tree is light grey and rough in texture, while the flowers are white and occur in clusters that are about 7 cm long. The fruit is a four-winged nut that is about 2.5 cm in diameter.
Uses
Terminalia sericea has a wide range of medicinal uses, mainly in traditional African medicine. The plant extract is commonly used to treat a wide range of ailments such as tuberculosis, diarrhea, sore throat, and rheumatism. The bark and leaves of the tree contain high amounts of tannin, which makes them useful in leather tanning. Additionally, the wood of the tree is highly valued for its strength and durability, and it is used in construction, furniture making, and tool handles. Terminalia sericea also has great potential as an ornamental tree, due to its beautiful silver-gray leaves.
Growth Conditions for Terminalia Sericea Burch. ex DC.
Terminalia sericea Burch. ex DC. is a deciduous tree species that common in southern and eastern Africa. Typical growth conditions for this plant include:
Light Requirements
Terminalia sericea thrives in a wide range of light conditions. The plant can grow in partial shade to full sun. However, it prefers full sun for optimal growth. Therefore, it is recommended to plant it in a location that receives at least six hours of direct sunlight every day.
Temperature Requirements
Terminalia sericea can tolerate a wide range of temperatures. It can grow in areas with a minimum temperature of 10°C and a maximum temperature of 36°C. However, the plant's growth is optimal at temperatures ranging between 18°C and 30°C. The tree is also drought-tolerant and can survive in areas with low rainfall.
Soil Requirements
Terminalia sericea prefers well-drained soils. The plant can grow in a wide range of soil types, including sandy, loamy, and clay soils. However, the ideal soil pH range is between 5.5 and 7.5. Additionally, the plant requires good aeration for optimal growth. It is recommended to plant the tree in a location with good drainage to avoid waterlogging, which can affect the plant's growth.
Cultivation
Terminalia sericea Burch. ex DC. can be grown in a wide range of soils, from sandy to loamy. The ideal soil pH range is between 6.0 and 8.5, and it should be well-drained. The plant requires full sun to partial shade. It can tolerate a wide range of temperatures, except for frost-prone areas.
The best time to plant Terminalia sericea is during the rainy season. Before planting, loosen the soil and add organic matter to improve soil fertility. Dig a hole slightly deeper and wider than the root ball, place the plant in the hole, and add soil to cover the roots. Water thoroughly.
Watering
Terminalia sericea requires moderate watering. The plant should be watered deeply once or twice a week. The frequency of watering will depend on the soil type and climatic conditions. Overwatering can lead to root rot, so it is crucial to ensure good drainage.
Fertilization
Fertilize Terminalia sericea once a year, preferably in spring. Use a balanced fertilizer with a ratio of 10-10-10 or 20-20-20. Apply the fertilizer around the base of the plant and water well. Avoid applying the fertilizer too close to the stem as it may burn the roots.
Pruning
Prune Terminalia sericea in late winter or early spring before the new growth appears. Remove any dead, diseased, or damaged branches. Cut back any crossing or rubbing limbs to prevent wounds. Also, remove any suckers or water sprouts that can be found around the base of the plant. Pruning helps to maintain the plant's shape and promotes healthy growth.
Propagation of Terminalia sericea Burch. ex DC.
Terminalia sericea Burch. ex DC., commonly known as the Silver Terminalia, is a drought-resistant tree species indigenous to southern Africa. The propagation of this plant can be done by various methods, including:
Seed propagation
The most common method of propagation for Terminalia sericea is through seeds. The seeds should be collected from ripe fruit pods and should be sown immediately. The germination rate of the seeds is usually high, and they should be sown in well-draining soil. The seedlings should be transplanted once they reach a height of 15-20 cm.
Cuttings propagation
Terminalia sericea can also be propagated through cuttings. Stem cuttings of 15-20 cm long should be taken from a healthy plant and planted in well-draining soil. The cuttings should be treated with a rooting hormone to aid in root development. They should be kept in a shaded area and regularly watered until they take root.
Air layering propagation
Air layering can also be used to propagate Terminalia sericea. A section of the stem should be selected and the bark should be removed from a 2-3 cm section. A rooting hormone should be applied to the exposed area, and then it should be wrapped with a peat moss or sphagnum moss. After a few weeks, roots will develop, and the stem can be cut and planted in well-draining soil.
Regardless of the propagation method used, it is important to ensure that the plants are regularly watered and fertilized. The plant is generally hardy, and with proper care, it will thrive and grow into a strong, healthy tree.
Disease and Pest Management for Terminalia sericea Burch. ex DC.
Terminalia sericea Burch. ex DC. is a resilient plant species that is tolerant of a wide range of conditions, including drought and poor soil. However, like all plants, it is not immune to diseases and pests. Some common problems that might affect Terminalia sericea include:
Diseases that Affect Terminalia sericea
Leaf spot: Leaf spot is a fungal disease that causes circular or irregular spots on the leaves of the plant. It can be caused by a number of different fungi, and symptoms include yellowing, browning, and necrosis of the affected leaves. To manage leaf spot, remove and destroy any infected leaves, and treat the plant with a fungal spray.
Root rot: Root rot is a fungal disease that affects the roots of the plant. It can be caused by overwatering, poor drainage, or a fungus in the soil. Symptoms include yellowing leaves, wilting, and stunted growth. To manage root rot, improve drainage and reduce watering, and apply a fungicide to the soil.
Pests that Affect Terminalia sericea
Aphids: Aphids are small, soft-bodied insects that feed on the sap of the plant. They can cause wilting, stunted growth, and yellowing of the leaves. To manage aphids, spray the plant with a strong stream of water to knock them off, or use an insecticidal soap or neem oil.
Mites: Mites are tiny arachnids that feed on the plant's sap. They can cause discoloration and distortion of the leaves. To manage mites, use a miticide or neem oil, and try to increase the humidity around the plant.
Scale: Scale insects are small, immobile insects that attach themselves to the stems and leaves of the plant. They feed on the sap of the plant and can cause yellowing and wilting of the leaves. To manage scale, remove any visible insects with a soft brush or a cotton swab dipped in rubbing alcohol, and spray the plant with a horticultural oil.
It is important to regularly monitor Terminalia sericea for signs of disease or pest infestation. Proper care, including good watering and fertilization practices, can help keep the plant healthy and strong.
