Origin and Common Names
Terminalia orbicularis Engl. & Diels, also known as "Suco" or "Natele" in Brazil, is a plant species native to the tropical regions of South America. It can be found in Brazil, Guyana, Venezuela, Peru, and Colombia, growing in moist, lowland forests and savannas.General Appearance
The Terminalia orbicularis plant is a medium-sized tree, growing up to 30 meters tall, and has a rounded, spreading crown. The leaves are oval-shaped, around 5-15 cm long, and have a glossy appearance. The bark is dark brown in color, with deep vertical grooves running along the trunk. The tree produces small flowers that are fragrant and pale yellow in color, growing in clusters.Uses
Throughout its range, Terminalia orbicularis has a variety of uses. In South America, it has been used for centuries by indigenous communities for its medicinal properties. The leaves and bark have been used to treat asthma, diarrhea, and fever. The plant's wood is also highly valued for its durability and resistance to rot, making it useful in construction and furniture-making. In addition to its traditional uses, modern research has shown that Terminalia orbicularis has potential uses in the pharmaceutical industry. Studies have shown that the plant contains compounds that have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, making it a potential treatment for a range of conditions. In conclusion, Terminalia orbicularis is a versatile and valuable plant species native to South America. It has a long history of traditional use and potential modern applications.Light Requirements
Terminalia orbicularis prefers to grow in full sun or partial shade. It can tolerate some shade, but it thrives best in bright sunlight.
Temperature Requirements
This plant can tolerate a range of temperatures, but it grows best in warm conditions. The ideal temperature range for growth is between 20°C to 35°C.
Soil Requirements
Terminalia orbicularis prefers well-drained soils that are rich in organic matter. It grows best in soils with a pH range of 5.5 to 7.5. The plant can also tolerate some soil salinity.
It is important to note that Terminalia orbicularis is sensitive to water-logged soils and may not grow well in areas with poor drainage.
Cultivation methods
Terminalia orbicularis Engl. & Diels is a tropical plant that requires warm temperatures, high humidity, and plenty of sunlight to thrive. It can be cultivated indoors or outdoors, depending on the climate. If cultivating indoors, make sure you place it near a window that gets bright sunlight for the most duration of the day. Outdoors, it should be planted in well-draining soil in a spot that receives at least six hours of direct sunlight every day. The plant is relatively low-maintenance and can tolerate some level of neglect.
Watering needs
Watering Terminalia orbicularis Engl. & Diels may vary depending on the climate and environmental conditions. The plant requires moderate watering and cannot tolerate soggy soil. Overwatering can lead to root rot, which can cause the plant's death. Watering should be minimal during winter when the plant's growth is slow, and the surrounding temperature drops. A recommended method is letting the soil dry out almost entirely before watering again, and stop once it reaches 5-8 cm in depth.
Fertilization
Terminalia orbicularis Engl. & Diels requires little fertilizer since it is not a heavy feeder. A balanced fertilizer, such as 10-10-10, can be applied during the growing season, which is spring to fall. Over-fertilization can cause roots to burn, leading to stunted growth or plant death.
Pruning
Pruning Terminalia orbicularis Engl. & Diels is done to remove dead or damaged branches. You can also shape the plant by removing overgrown branches and encouraging new growth on the main trunk. Pruning should be done during the spring and summer growing season. After pruning, water the plant well and provide moderate sunlight until it recovers from the shock of the cuts.
Propagation of Terminalia orbicularis Engl. & Diels
Terminalia orbicularis is commonly propagated by both sexual and asexual methods. Here are the different ways to propagate this plant:
Seed Propagation
Propagation through seeds is considered the most traditional and straightforward way of cultivating Terminalia orbicularis. Collect matured seeds from the parent tree and extract them from the fruit by soaking them in water for about 24 hours. After soaking, clean the seeds and sow them in a well-draining potting mixture. Ensure that the potting mixture always remains moist as Terminalia orbicularis seeds require a sufficient amount of moisture to germinate. After about three weeks, the seeds will sprout, and you can transplant them to a bigger pot or to the field with adequate space for the sapling.
Cutting Propagation
Propagation by cutting is an asexual way of cultivating Terminalia orbicularis. Using a clean and sharp knife, cut a stem from a healthy Terminalia orbicularis tree. Make sure the stem is green, healthy, and sturdy. Remove the lower leaves from the cutting, leaving only a few on top. Plant the cutting in a well-draining potting mixture and keep it moist until it forms roots. To hasten root development, you can apply a rooting hormone on the exposed cut surface of the stem. After, the roots have formed to transplant the cutting to a bigger pot or to the field.
Air-Layering Propagation
Air-layering is another asexual propagation method suitable for Terminalia orbicularis. Unlike cutting propagation, you don't cut the stem in this method but peel the bark instead. Choose a healthy and sturdy stem, and remove the lower leaves. Scrape off some of the bark's outer layers and apply rooting hormone. Next, wrap the exposed part with moist sphagnum moss, and then wrap it with plastic to retain moisture. Check the progress of root formation periodically, and when you see enough roots, cut the stem off below the rooted portion and transfer it to a pot.
Disease and Pest Management for Terminalia Orbicularis
Terminalia orbicularis is a species of tree that is native to Madagascar. It is commonly known as the round-leaved terminalia or Vondrozo. As with any plant type, this species can be vulnerable to diseases and pests. Here are some common diseases and pests that can affect this plant and how they can be managed:
Diseases
Fungal Diseases: Fungal diseases such as root rot and leaf spot can impact Terminalia orbicularis. These diseases can be identified by the visible spots or discoloration on leaves and stems. To manage fungal diseases, it’s important to remove the infected parts of the plant and dispose of them carefully, away from other plant species. You can also use fungicides to treat the plant's soil and foliage. Additionally, maintaining proper airflow and reducing the amount of moisture the plant receives can prevent fungal diseases.
Bacterial Diseases: Bacterial diseases like wilting, and canker can affect Terminalia orbicularis. Canker is characterized by sunken areas on branches, while wilting can cause leaves to droop and later turn yellow. To manage bacterial diseases, prune the affected parts of the plant and dispose of them carefully, away from other plant species. Infected soil should also be removed. Using copper-based fungicides can also help in preventing bacterial infections.
Pests
Aphids: Aphids are tiny insects that can attack Terminalia orbicularis. They suck the sap of the plant, resulting in distorted leaves and stunted growth. To manage aphids, you can use insecticides or blast them off the plant with a strong water jet. Introducing natural predators like ladybugs can also help control aphids.
Caterpillars: Caterpillars can also feast on the leaves of Terminalia orbicularis, thereby damaging the plant's overall health. You can use insecticides to get rid of caterpillar infestations or prune them manually. Physical barriers such as nets can also be used to prevent caterpillars from reaching the plant.
To ensure the health of your Terminalia orbicularis, it's important to monitor the plant regularly for signs of disease and pests. Early detection and prompt management can prevent severe damage and help extend the life of the plant.
