Origin
Terminalia myriocarpa van Heurck & Muell.-Arg. is a tropical tree species that originates from the African continent. It is primarily found in West and Central Africa, specifically in countries like Cameroon, Congo, Nigeria, and Gabon.
Common Names
Terminalia myriocarpa is commonly known as the African almond tree, essingang, oyen, or okwe.
Uses
The bark and leaves of Terminalia myriocarpa are widely used in traditional medicine to treat various ailments. In some cultures, it is used as a remedy for coughs, sore throat, and fever. It is also used as a diuretic and to treat high blood pressure. The leaves of the tree are used to make teas and decoctions for these purposes.
In addition to its medicinal properties, the hard and durable wood of Terminalia myriocarpa is used for making furniture, flooring, and veneers. The tree is also used for shade, erosion control, and as an ornamental plant in landscaping.
General Appearance
Terminalia myriocarpa is a large deciduous tree that can grow up to 40 meters tall. It has a dense and spreading canopy that provides ample shade. The bark of the tree is smooth and greyish-brown in color. The leaves are dark green, glossy, and leathery, and they measure between 10 and 20 centimeters in length. The tree produces small pinkish-white flowers that grow in clusters and eventually develop into woody fruit capsules measuring up to 2 centimeters in diameter.
Growth Conditions for Terminalia myriocarpa van Heurck & Muell.-Arg.
Terminalia myriocarpa, commonly known as "Mutsamudu Terminalia," is a tropical tree species that primarily grows in Madagascar, Comoros, Seychelles, and other African countries. This plant typically grows in the dry forests and savannas of these regions.
Light Requirements
Terminalia myriocarpa requires plenty of bright, direct sunlight to grow properly. Therefore, it is recommended to plant the saplings in an area that receives full sun exposure throughout the day. Otherwise, the plant's growth and overall health may be negatively affected.
Temperature Requirements
As a tropical plant, Terminalia myriocarpa thrives in warm temperatures. The species prefers a climate with an average temperature between 20°C and 30°C. Temperatures below 10°C can cause damage to the plant or even kill it. So, it is important to ensure the temperature stays within the suggested range.
Soil Requirements
Terminalia myriocarpa grows best in well-draining soils, such as sandy or loamy soil. Soil with good drainage helps prevent water stagnation and associated problems like fungal growth, root rot, and bacterial infections. The plant prefers a neutral to slightly acidic soil pH level (6.0 to 7.5), which is essential for its nutrient absorption and root development.
In conclusion, the Terminalia myriocarpa van Heurck & Muell.-Arg. is a tropical tree species that requires plenty of sunlight, warm temperatures, and well-draining soil to grow well. Therefore, it is crucial to maintain these optimal growth conditions to ensure healthy growth.
Cultivation Methods
The Terminalia myriocarpa van Heurck & Muell.-Arg. plant is best grown in tropical climates and can grow up to 30 meters tall. It can be cultivated through seed germination or by stem cuttings. To germinate seeds, plant them in well-drained soil mix, cover with a thin layer of soil, and water regularly. The plant can also be propagated through stem cuttings collected from a matured plant. The cuttings should be about 15 centimeters long, and only the top leaves should be left, as the rest should be trimmed to give room for growth. Use a rooting hormone to encourage the growth of roots and plant the cuttings in well-drained soil mix.
Watering Needs
The Terminalia myriocarpa van Heurck & Muell.-Arg. plant requires regular watering during its growth period, especially in hot and dry weather conditions. The soil should be consistently moist, but not waterlogged. Water the plant deeply once a week, ensuring the soil is well-draining to avoid water stagnation. During the winter, reduce watering and let the soil dry out before watering again.
Fertilization
The Terminalia myriocarpa van Heurck & Muell.-Arg. plant requires regular fertilization to promote healthy growth. Use a balanced fertilizer such as 10-10-10 or 14-14-14 and apply it every two weeks during the growing season. When fertilizing the plant, ensure to water it thoroughly to avoid burning the roots. Alternatively, you can also use organic fertilizers such as compost or manure.
Pruning
Pruning the Terminalia myriocarpa van Heurck & Muell.-Arg. plant is essential for promoting a healthy and thriving plant. Prune the plant during its dormant season to avoid damaging the growing tips. Remove any dead, damaged, or diseased leaves, stems, and branches to ensure the plant's energy is focused on healthy growth. Prune the plant to maintain its desired shape and size. You can also prune to encourage bushier growth by cutting back the tips of each stem.
Propagation of Terminalia myriocarpa van Heurck & Muell.-Arg.
Terminalia myriocarpa van Heurck & Muell.-Arg. or commonly known as the African cherry is a plant species that can be propagated through various methods. Here are some of the propagation methods for this plant:
Seed propagation
One of the easiest ways to propagate Terminalia myriocarpa is through seed propagation. The seeds should be harvested when the fruit is mature and allowed to dry under the shade. Afterward, the seeds can be stored in a dry and cool place until planting time. The seeds should be planted in well-draining soil in a greenhouse or outdoors. Germination of the seeds can take 3 to 4 weeks.
Cuttings propagation
Terminalia myriocarpa can also be propagated through cuttings. Stem cuttings should be taken in spring or early summer and treated with a rooting hormone. The cuttings should be planted in sterile soil and kept in a humid environment. Rooting should occur within 4 to 6 weeks.
Air layering propagation
Air layering is another propagation method for Terminalia myriocarpa. This method involves making a small wound on the stem and applying a rooting hormone. Afterward, the wound should be wrapped in moist sphagnum moss and covered with plastic wrap. Roots should form within 4 to 6 weeks, and the new plant can be separated from the parent plant once they have developed healthy roots.
Disease Management
Terminalia myriocarpa van Heurck & Muell.-Arg. can be susceptible to various diseases, including fungal and bacterial infections. Regular monitoring of plants and quick action taken against suspected disease infections can help reduce the risk of serious damage to the plant. Here are some ways to manage diseases:
- Fungal Infections: Fungal infections can cause leaf spots, cankers, wilting, and rotting of roots. The best way to manage fungal infections is to remove infected plant material and destroy it. Use of fungicides may also be necessary.
- Bacterial Infections: Bacterial infections can cause discoloration, wilting, and leaf drop. The best way to manage bacterial infections is to prune infected areas and use copper-based bactericides.
Pest Management
Terminalia myriocarpa van Heurck & Muell.-Arg. can also be susceptible to pests, including insects and mites. Quick action taken against suspected pests can help reduce the risk of serious damage to the plant. Here are some ways to manage pests:
- Scale Insects: Scale insects can cause discoloration, wilting, and reduced growth. The best way to manage scale insects is to prune heavily-infested areas and use insecticides.
- Mites: Mites can cause yellowing of leaves and defoliation. The best way to manage mites is to use insecticides and prune heavily-infested areas.
- Caterpillars: Caterpillars can cause defoliation. The best way to manage caterpillars is to handpick them or use insecticides.
