Overview
Tecoma capensis (Thunb.) Lindl. is a species of flowering plant in the family Bignoniaceae. It is commonly known as Cape honeysuckle or Cape Trumpet Vine. It is a fast-growing, evergreen shrub that produces showy clusters of tubular, orange flowers.
Origin
Tecoma capensis is native to southern Africa but has been widely cultivated as an ornamental plant in many tropical and subtropical regions of the world. It is particularly popular in California and other parts of the United States where it is grown as a landscaping plant.
Common Names
Tecoma capensis is commonly known as Cape honeysuckle or Cape Trumpet Vine. In Afrikaans, it is known as Kaapse kanferfoelie. It is also known as kruidjie-roer-my-nie, which means "herb that doesn't move me" in Afrikaans, because the plant has a strong smell that is said to be unappealing to grazing animals.
Appearance
Tecoma capensis is a woody, evergreen shrub that grows up to 3 meters tall with a spread of 2 meters. It has a dense, bushy habit and produces dark green, glossy leaves that are each about 5-10 cm long and 3-6 cm wide. The flowers of the plant are tubular in shape, with five distinct lobes, and are a vivid orange to red-orange color. They grow in clusters at the tips of the branches and bloom from summer to fall. The plant produces a seedpod that splits open when mature and releases many small seeds for propagation.
Uses
Tecoma capensis is primarily used as a landscaping plant because of its vibrant flowers and foliage. The plant is also used in traditional medicine for a variety of ailments, particularly for the treatment of colds, flu, and other respiratory infections. In some cultures, the leaves and stems of the plant are used to make a tea that is said to have a calming effect on the mind and body.
Light Requirements
Tecoma capensis prefers full sun but can also tolerate partial shade. In areas with hot climates, it is best to provide some shade during the hottest part of the day to prevent leaf scorching.
Temperature Requirements
Tecoma capensis is a relatively hardy plant that can withstand moderate to high temperatures. Ideally, it grows well in USDA hardiness zones 9-11. The plant can tolerate temperatures as low as 20°F (-7°C) but not for prolonged periods.
Soil Requirements
The plant is not too fussy about soil type but does best in well-draining soils that are rich in organic matter. It requires a soil pH range of 5.6-7.5 for optimal growth. Tecoma capensis can tolerate both acidic and alkaline soils.
Water Requirements
Although the plant is drought-tolerant, regular watering is necessary to encourage optimal growth. It is best to water the plant deeply but infrequently, preferably once or twice a week, depending on the weather conditions.
Fertilizer Requirements
Regular fertilization is essential for Tecoma capensis to produce abundant blooms. Use a balanced fertilizer with an NPK ratio of 5-10-5 or 10-10-10, applied once or twice during the growing season. Avoid over-fertilizing, as this can lead to excessive growth and fewer blooms.
Cultivation
Tecoma capensis, commonly known as Cape honeysuckle, is an evergreen shrub that thrives in warm and tropical climates. It requires a well-draining and nutrient-rich soil to grow well. The ideal pH range is between 6.0 and 7.0. Planting should be done in an area that receives full sun or partial shade.
Watering Needs
Watering requirements for Tecoma capensis vary depending on the season and rainfall. Generally, it prefers moderate watering during the warmer months and less watering during colder months. The soil should be allowed to dry slightly before watering again. Overwatering can cause root rot, while underwatering can cause stunted growth and leaf drop. Using mulch around the plant could help maintain moisture levels and regulate soil temperature.
Fertilization
Tecoma capensis is a heavy feeder and requires regular fertilization during the growing season. Use a fertilizer high in phosphorus and potassium, but lower in nitrogen. Nitrogen may cause excess leaf growth and fewer flowers. It is advisable to fertilize during spring and again during summer to enhance blooming. Follow the manufacturer's instructions carefully while applying the fertilizer.
Pruning
Pruning Tecoma capensis should be done after the blooming season to avoid cutting off emerging flower buds. They bloom on new growth. Cut out dead, broken or infected branches, and shape the plant as per your preference. Regular pruning could help control the plant's size and promote branching, leading to an abundance of flowers. If you want the plant to grow as a hedge, you could trim the sides frequently for a fuller look.
Propagation of Tecoma capensis (Thunb.) Lindl.
Tecoma capensis (Thunb.) Lindl. commonly known as Cape Honeysuckle is an evergreen shrub that can be propagated by seed, cuttings or layering.
Propagation by seed
The seeds of Tecoma capensis are enclosed in a pod that splits open when the seeds are mature. Seeds collected after the pod has opened have the best chance of germinating. Sow the seeds in a well-draining soil mix, and keep it moist, but not wet.
Germination of the seeds may take 2-4 weeks. Once the seedlings have emerged, they can be transplanted into individual pots when they have their second leaves.
Propagation by cuttings
Semi-hardwood cuttings taken from the current season’s growth are easy to root and develop into healthy plants. Cuttings should be 8-10 cm long and have at least 2-3 sets of leaves.
Dip the bottom of the cutting in a rooting hormone, and then insert it into a well-draining potting mix. Water thoroughly, and cover the pot with a plastic bag to increase the humidity and reduce moisture loss. Keep the cutting in filtered sunlight and keep the soil moist but not wet. Within 6-8 weeks, the cutting should have rooted and can be gradually exposed to direct sunlight.
Propagation by layering
Layering is a simple and effective propagation method for Tecoma capensis. Choose a stem that is lower to the ground, and bend it down and cover it with soil, leaving the tip exposed. The covered portion of the stem will develop roots, and once established, it can be cut from the parent plant and transplanted.
Whichever propagation method you choose, make sure to keep the soil moist but not wet, and avoid exposing the young plants to direct sunlight until they are established and growing vigorously.
Disease and Pest Management for the Plant Tecoma capensis (Thunb.) Lindl.
Tecoma capensis is a popular plant species that is known for its bright and vibrant flowers and ability to attract pollinators. Like most plants, it is susceptible to a range of pests and diseases that can affect its growth, health, and overall appearance. Here's a look at some of the most common issues that can affect this plant and how to manage them.
Common Diseases
Fungal Leaf Spots: This disease is caused by fungal pathogens that cause brown, yellow, or black spots on the leaves. The spots may grow in size and merge, causing the leaves to turn yellow and drop prematurely. To manage this disease, remove and destroy the infected leaves and apply a fungicide to protect the remaining foliage.
Powdery Mildew: This disease is characterized by a white, powdery growth on the leaves, stems, and flowers of the plant. It can stunt growth, cause leaf drop, and reduce flowering. To prevent powdery mildew, ensure that the plant receives adequate sunlight, water it from the base rather than overhead, and apply a fungicide to control the spread of the disease.
Viral Diseases: Viral diseases can cause stunting, yellowing, and distorted growth on the plant. There is no cure for viral diseases, so the best way to manage them is to remove and destroy the infected plant and prevent the spread of the virus by practicing good hygiene and sanitation practices.
Common Pests
Whiteflies: These tiny insects can cause yellowing and wilting of the leaves by feeding on the sap of the plant. To control whiteflies, use sticky traps or spray the plant with an insecticide that contains neem oil or a similar product.
Spider Mites: These pests can cause yellowing, stippling, and webbing on the leaves, which can weaken the plant and reduce its ability to produce flowers. To manage spider mites, increase the humidity around the plant by misting it with water, remove the affected leaves, and apply an insecticide that contains insecticidal soap or miticide.
Caterpillars: Caterpillars can feed on the leaves and flowers of the plant, causing unsightly holes and damage. To prevent caterpillar damage, remove them by hand or use an insecticide that contains Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) to kill them.
By being vigilant and proactive in managing the pests and diseases that can affect Tecoma capensis, you can help ensure that this plant remains healthy and vibrant, providing you with beautiful flowers all season long.
