Plant Description:
Teclea suaveolens Engl., commonly known as the African cherry or Indonesian cherry, is a tropical fruit tree that belongs to the citrus family of Rutaceae. It is an evergreen plant that can grow up to 8 meters in height. The plant has a gray-brown trunk with sometimes a few thorns, while the leaves are simple with glossy green color and ovate shape. The fragrant white or cream-colored flowers bloom in clusters, followed by small, round, and red to yellowish-orange fruits.
Plant Origin and Distribution:
Teclea suaveolens is native to Sub-Saharan Africa and Madagascar. It prefers growing in a warm and humid climate, in areas with an altitude of 0 to 900 meters above sea level. The plant can also be found in tropical regions of Southeast Asia, including Indonesia, Malaysia, and Thailand. It grows naturally in the forest, but it can also survive in disturbed areas, such as agricultural land, roadsides, and wasteland.
Plant Uses:
The fruit of Teclea suaveolens is edible, and it is used in traditional medicine in Africa and Asia to treat various ailments, such as fever, diarrhea, and dysentery. The fruit is rich in vitamin C and contains alkaloids, flavonoids, and phenols which exhibit medicinal properties. The bark and roots are also used for medicinal purposes, as they contain compounds that have antimalarial effects and can alleviate stomach pains.
The tree is also valued for its wood, which is hard and durable. The wood is used in the construction of houses, furniture, and tools. The plant is also grown as an ornamental for its attractive and fragrant flowers.
General Appearance:
Teclea suaveolens is a medium-sized tropical tree that can grow up to 8 meters in height with a gray-brown trunk and ovate glossy leaves. The fragrant white or cream-colored flowers grow in clusters, followed by small, round, and red to yellowish-orange fruits. The plant is valued for its medicinal properties, edible fruit, and durable wood, and is also grown as an ornamental.
Light Requirements
Teclea suaveolens prefers full sunlight exposure, but it can tolerate partial shade. It is recommended to place the plant in a location that receives at least six hours of direct sunlight daily.
Temperature Requirements
The plant can thrive in a wide range of temperatures, but it prefers warm and humid conditions. The optimal temperature range for Teclea suaveolens is between 15°C and 27°C.
Soil Requirements
Teclea suaveolens grows best in fertile and well-draining soil. It can tolerate different soil types, including clay, loam, and sandy soils. The pH of the soil should be slightly acidic to neutral, ranging from 6.0 to 7.0.
The plant requires moderate watering, and the soil should be kept moist but not waterlogged. Overwatering can lead to root rot and other issues, while under-watering can result in the plant's stunted growth.
Cultivation methods
Teclea suaveolens Engl. can be grown from seeds or cuttings. For seeds, plant them in well-draining soil in a pot or nursery bed. Cover the seeds with a thin layer of soil and keep them moist. Cuttings should be taken from healthy plants and planted in a mix of sand and potting soil. It is important to keep the soil moist but not waterlogged.
Watering needs
Teclea suaveolens Engl. prefers moderate watering. Avoid overwatering as it can lead to root rot. Water the plant when the top inch of soil is dry. In areas with high humidity, the plant may need less frequent watering.
Fertilization
Teclea suaveolens Engl. benefits from regular fertilization. Use a balanced fertilizer every three to four weeks during the growing season. Follow the manufacturer's instructions on the amount of fertilizer to use.
Pruning
Teclea suaveolens Engl. can be pruned to maintain its shape and size. Prune the plant during the dormant season by removing old and dead branches. You can also prune the plant to promote bushy growth. Pruning should be done with clean, sharp tools to avoid damaging the plant.
Propagation of Teclea suaveolens Engl.
Teclea suaveolens Engl. can be propagated through different methods that include:
Seed propagation
The easiest way to propagate Teclea suaveolens is through seed propagation. Fresh seeds have higher germination rates, and it is advisable to use them as soon as possible. To increase the chances of successful germination, it is best to soak the seeds in warm water overnight before planting them. The seeds should be planted in well-draining soil, and kept moist until they germinate. Germination usually takes around 2 to 3 weeks.
Cuttings propagation
Another way to propagate Teclea suaveolens is through cuttings. Hardwood cuttings are the best option during the dormant season. Cuttings should be around 15 cm in length, and it is recommended to take them from the previous year's growth. The cuttings should be treated with a rooting hormone before planting them in well-draining soil. It is important to keep the soil moist and the cuttings in a shaded area until they establish roots, which can take between 6 to 8 weeks.
Grafting propagation
Grafting is another method that can be used to propagate Teclea suaveolens, especially for commercial production. This method involves joining a scion from a desired cultivar with a rootstock from a closely related Teclea species. Grafting is typically done during the dormant season, and care should be taken to ensure that the graft union heals properly and does not dry out. The grafted plant should be kept in a shaded area with high humidity until it establishes itself.
Disease and Pest Management for Teclea suaveolens Engl.
Teclea suaveolens Engl., also known as African cherry orange, is a small tree or shrub found in many parts of Africa. Like all plants, it is susceptible to disease and pest infestations that can hinder its growth and yield. Therefore, proper disease and pest management are essential for the healthy growth and productivity of this plant.
Common Diseases of Teclea suaveolens Engl.
Teclea suaveolens Engl. is prone to several diseases that can cause significant damage to the plant if not appropriately managed. Some of the most common diseases that affect this plant include:
- Anthracnose: This fungal disease causes dark sunken spots on leaves, stems, and fruits of the plant. It can lead to defoliation and a reduction in yield. Management includes pruning of infected parts and applications of fungicides.
- Root Rot: This disease is caused by several fungi that attack the roots of the plant, leading to reduced nutrient uptake, stunted growth, and wilting. Management includes improving soil drainage and avoiding overwatering.
- Powdery Mildew: This fungal disease appears as whitish spots on the leaves, causing them to curl and eventually die. It can be controlled by applying fungicides and pruning infected parts of the plant.
Common Pests of Teclea suaveolens Engl.
Teclea suaveolens Engl. is also prone to several pests that can cause significant damage to the plant. Some of the most common pests that affect this plant include:
- Scale Insects: These insects attack the leaves and stems of the plant, causing yellowing and wilting. They can be controlled by pruning infected parts and applying insecticides.
- Spider Mites: These tiny pests feed on the sap of the plant, leading to yellowing and wilting. Management includes improving humidity and applying insecticides.
- Caterpillars: Caterpillars feed on the leaves and stems of the plant, causing defoliation and reduced yield. They can be controlled by handpicking and applying insecticides.
Proper cultural practices are vital in the prevention and management of diseases and pests in Teclea suaveolens Engl. practices such as proper pruning, regular inspection, and disinfection of tools before use can help to minimize the occurrence of diseases and pests. Additionally, the use of organic fertilizers and promotion of predator insects can also help to reduce pest infestations and prevent diseases.
