Origin
Tanacetum axillare Thunb., commonly known as the Japanese tansy, is a perennial herbaceous plant native to eastern and southeastern Asia, including China, Japan, and Korea.
Common Names
Aside from Japanese tansy, this plant is also known by other common names, such as dwarf tansy, golden buttons, firewheel, and the Korean name ssuk.
Uses
Tanacetum axillare Thunb. has several traditional medicinal uses, such as treating digestive disorders, menstrual cramps, and skin diseases. It is also believed to have anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties.
In addition, Japanese tansy is grown as an ornamental plant for its attractive golden-yellow button-like flowers that bloom from mid-summer to early fall. It is commonly used in rock gardens, borders, and as a ground cover.
General Appearance
Tanacetum axillare Thunb. typically grows up to 30-50 cm in height and 30-60 cm in spread. It has a dense, mounded habit and deeply divided, fern-like leaves that are aromatic when crushed.
The plant produces numerous flower heads that are about 15 mm in diameter, with bright yellow ray flowers surrounding a center of tiny disk flowers. The flowers bloom in flat-topped clusters held above the foliage on slender stems.
Overall, Japanese tansy is a sturdy, low-maintenance plant that thrives in full sun to partial shade and well-drained soil. It is cold hardy and drought-tolerant once established, making it a popular choice for landscaping in temperate regions.
Light
Tanacetum axillare Thunb. requires full sunlight exposure. The plant grows best when exposed to direct sunlight for at least six hours per day. Lack of sunlight exposure may lead to stunted growth and reduced flower production.
Temperature
The plant grows well in areas with moderate temperatures. Optimal growing temperature ranges between 12°C and 24°C. In low temperatures, the plant may not thrive well, and in extreme heat, the plant may also experience heat stress. Therefore, it is essential to avoid extreme temperatures when growing Tanacetum axillare Thunb.
Soil Requirements
The plant requires well-draining soils that are rich in organic matter. Tanacetum axillare Thunb. grows well in soils with pH ranging from neutral to slightly alkaline. Therefore, it is essential to conduct soil tests before planting to ensure that the pH levels and nutrient levels are optimal for plant growth. In addition, the plant prefers soils that are moderately moist. Overwatering may lead to root rot, while under-watering will stunt the plant's growth.
Cultivation Methods
Tanacetum axillare Thunb., commonly known as Golden Buttons, can be cultivated in different ways. It is a hardy perennial plant that can grow up to 24 inches tall and wide. The plant thrives in a wide range of soil types, but well-drained soil is necessary. The plant also requires a good amount of sunlight exposure, ideally in full sun to part shade.
Watering Needs
Tanacetum axillare Thunb. requires moderate watering. It is best to keep the soil consistently moist but not waterlogged. Watering should be reduced in the winter months or during periods of drought. Overwatering may lead to root rot and other diseases, so it is important to avoid excessive watering.
Fertilization
Golden Buttons require little fertilization. It is recommended to provide the plant with a slow-release fertilizer or compost in the early spring. Incorporating organic matter into the soil can improve soil fertility and enhance plant growth. However, always ensure that the plant is not over-fertilized as this could damage the plant.
Pruning
Tanacetum axillare Thunb. plants do not require a lot of pruning; however, deadheading will promote more blooms and prevent the plant from getting too leggy. Pinching back the stems can also encourage branching and more flowers. The best time to prune is in the late spring or early summer after blooming. Avoid pruning in the fall or winter as the plant may have already prepared for dormancy.
Propagation of Tanacetum axillare Thunb.
Tanacetum axillare Thunb., commonly known as the Japanese tansy, is a herbaceous perennial plant that belongs to the family Asteraceae. It is native to Japan and Korea and is widely cultivated in gardens for its ornamental value and medicinal properties.
Propagation by Seed
The easiest and most common method of propagating Tanacetum axillare Thunb. is by seed.
Seeds should be sown in spring or fall in a well-draining soil mix. The seeds should be barely covered with soil. Water them to keep the soil moist, but not soggy. The seeds should germinate in 1-2 weeks.
After germination, thin the seedlings to 8-12 inches apart. This will prevent overcrowding and encourage the development of a strong root system.
Propagation by Division
Tanacetum axillare Thunb. can also be propagated by division during spring or fall.
To divide the plant, gently remove it from the soil and carefully separate the roots into smaller sections, each with a portion of the stem and leaves. Discard any dead or damaged parts.
Replant the divisions into a well-draining soil mix and keep it moist.
The divided plant should be watered regularly and kept in a partially shaded area until new roots and foliage develop, after which it can be moved to its permanent location.
Disease Management
Like most plants, Tanacetum axillare Thunb. is also prone to diseases. Here are some common diseases that can affect this plant:
- Leaf spot: This disease causes circular brown spots with yellow or dark borders on the leaves, which eventually die and fall. To manage leaf spot, remove and destroy affected leaves and keep the plant dry by avoiding overhead watering.
- Powdery mildew: This fungal disease forms a powdery white coating on the leaves, stems, and flowers of the plant. To manage powdery mildew, spray the plant with a solution of baking soda and water or neem oil, and improve air circulation around the plant.
- Rust: Rust appears as small, yellow-orange powdery spots on the leaves, which can also cause the leaves to drop prematurely. To manage rust, remove and destroy affected leaves, and spray the plant with a fungicide.
Pest Management
Tanacetum axillare Thunb. can also be attacked by various pests. Here are some common pests that can affect this plant:
- Aphids: These small insects attack the plant by sucking the sap from its leaves, causing them to curl and deform. To manage aphids, spray the plant with a solution of water and dish soap or neem oil.
- Spider mites: These tiny pests spin webs around the plant and suck the sap, causing yellowing and drying of the leaves. To manage spider mites, spray the plant with a solution of water and dish soap or neem oil, and improve humidity around the plant.
- Whiteflies: These small pests resemble tiny white moths and cause damage similar to aphids. To manage whiteflies, spray the plant with a solution of water and dish soap or neem oil, and improve air circulation around the plant.
