Overview
Tabernaemontana eglandulosa Stapf is a flowering plant that belongs to the family Apocynaceae. This species is native to Africa, particularly in the tropical regions of Sudan, Uganda, and Kenya.
Common Names
This plant is commonly known as the East African bitter almond, and in Swahili, it is called "Mkili" or "M'gando".
Description
The East African bitter almond is a small tree or shrub that typically grows up to 4 meters in height. It has a gray-brown bark that cracks as it matures. The leaves are simple, opposite and have a leathery texture. They are ovate to elliptic in shape, dark green in color, and measure about 5 to 15 cm long and 2-8 cm wide.
This plant produces large white or pale yellow flowers that measure about 5 cm in diameter and have a sweet fragrance. The fruits are elongated and pointed capsules that contain numerous seeds embedded in a sticky pulp. The seeds are toxic and contain alkaloids such as coronaridine and ibogamine, which can be found in other plants in the same family.
Uses
The East African bitter almond has several medicinal uses in traditional African medicine. The bark, leaves, and roots contain alkaloids that are used to treat various ailments such as fever, malaria, diarrhea, and dysentery. The seeds are also used as an emetic and as a remedy for snakebites.
In addition to its medicinal uses, the East African bitter almond is used for ornamental purposes in gardens and parks.
It is important to note that the seeds of this plant are toxic and can be lethal if ingested by humans or animals. Therefore, caution should be exercised when handling this plant.
Light Requirements
The Tabernaemontana eglandulosa Stapf plant requires moderate to bright light to thrive. It can tolerate some shade, but exposure to direct sunlight for several hours a day is ideal. Indoor plants should be placed near a window with sufficient light to stimulate growth. Outdoor plants should be planted in an area with partial shade, especially during the hottest part of the day.
Temperature Requirements
The Tabernaemontana eglandulosa Stapf plant is native to tropical regions and requires warm temperatures to grow. The ideal temperature range is between 65-85°F (18-30°C). It is essential to keep the plant away from cold drafts and temperature fluctuations. Temperatures below 50°F (10°C) can cause irreversible damage to the plant.
Soil Requirements
The Tabernaemontana eglandulosa Stapf plant prefers well-draining soil with a slightly acidic pH level between 5.5-6.5. The type of soil should be slightly moist, nutrient-rich, and have good drainage. A blend of peat moss, perlite, and sand is ideal for this plant. The soil should be kept consistently moist but not waterlogged.
Cultivation
The Tabernaemontana eglandulosa Stapf is a plant that is widely grown in many regions. The plant prefers a well-drained soil that is rich in organic matter, but it can grow well in other soil types except for those that are poorly drained.
It is essential to place the plant in a sunlit environment where it can receive at least 4-6 hours of direct sunlight daily. It can be grown in outdoor gardens or indoor pots if you live in regions with extreme weather conditions.
Watering needs
The watering needs of the Tabernaemontana eglandulosa Stapf depend on the prevailing weather conditions and the soil type. Water the plant regularly and ensure that the topsoil remains moist. Strive to maintain a balance between the soil being moist and being waterlogged.
It is crucial to allow the soil to dry out before you can water it again. This practice prevents root rot, which can kill the plant. Check the soil moisture level by sticking your finger into the soil, and if the soil feels dry, it's time to water the plant.
Fertilization
The Tabernaemontana eglandulosa Stapf plant is not a heavy feeder. It requires fertilization but once every three months during the growing season should be enough. Use a balanced fertilizer mix with an NPK (Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium) ratio of 10-10-10 or 12-12-12.
Apply the fertilizer mix by lightly mixing it with the soil or by sprinkling the fertilizer on the soil's surface. Do not over-fertilize the plant, as this can lead to the accumulation of salts in the soil, which can harm the plant's roots.
Pruning
Pruning is crucial when growing the Tabernaemontana eglandulosa Stapf as it helps promote healthy growth and the development of new branches. It is best to prune the plant before the start of the growing season in spring or at the end of summer.
Prune away any dead, damaged, or diseased branches. You can also trim any excessive growth or branches that are crossing over each other. Pruning also helps control the plant's size, so if you want to keep it small and bushy, prune often, and make sure that you cut to just above a leaf or branch node.
Propagation of Tabernaemontana eglandulosa Stapf
Tabernaemontana eglandulosa Stapf, commonly known as the forest gardenia, is a tropical plant species that belongs to the Apocynaceae family. It is native to Southeast Asia and is widely cultivated for its fragrant flowers and ornamental foliage. To propagate T. eglandulosa successfully, several methods can be used.
Seed Propagation
Propagation of T. eglandulosa using its seeds is a straightforward process. Collect ripe fruits from the plant and extract the seeds. Sow the seeds immediately in a well-draining, light, and moist soil mix. Cover the seeds lightly with soil and keep them in a shaded and warm location. Germination can take up to a month or more. Once the seedlings have developed 2-3 sets of leaves, transplant them into separate containers.
Cuttings Propagation
Another method of propagating T. eglandulosa is through stem cuttings. Take 6-8 inch long cuttings from healthy branches, making sure they have at least 3-4 leaves. Remove the leaves from the lower part of the stem, and dip the stem's base into rooting hormone powder. Place the cuttings in a well-draining, moist soil mix, and cover with a plastic bag or a humidity dome to maintain moisture. Keep the cuttings in a warm and shaded location, and after a few weeks, they should develop roots. Once the roots have formed, transplant the cuttings into individual containers.
Air Layering Propagation
Air layering is another effective method of propagating T. eglandulosa. Choose a healthy branch that is at least one year old and has developed bark. Make a cut in the bark, remove a section of it, and wrap the exposed area with sphagnum moss. Cover the moss with plastic wrap and tie it with a string on both ends. The moss should be kept moist at all times. Roots will start to develop in a few weeks, and after they have grown adequately, cut the branch below the roots. Plant the rooted stem into a well-draining, moist soil mix.
By using any of the above propagation methods, one can successfully propagate T. eglandulosa and enjoy its beautiful flowers and foliage.
Disease and Pest Management for Tabernaemontana eglandulosa Stapf
Tabernaemontana eglandulosa Stapf, also known as the West African Barien, is a tropical tree that is easy to grow in warm climates. Like all plants, it is susceptible to diseases and pests that can damage its health and appearance. Here are some common diseases and pests that might affect Tabernaemontana eglandulosa Stapf and how to manage them:
Leaf Spot Diseases
Leaf spots are a common fungal disease that attacks the leaves of Tabernaemontana eglandulosa Stapf. The symptoms include brown or yellow spots that eventually cause the leaves to wither and fall off. To prevent the spread of the disease, remove the affected leaves and avoid overhead watering. Fungicides can also help control leaf spot diseases.
Caterpillars
Caterpillars are a common pest that can consume the leaves of Tabernaemontana eglandulosa Stapf, causing significant damage. Handpicking the caterpillars is an effective way to control their population. You can also use organic pesticides to kill the caterpillars.
Aphids
Aphids are small insects that suck the sap out of the plant leaves, causing them to curl and turn yellow. A strong spray of water or insecticidal soap can help control aphids. Ladybugs can also be introduced to your garden, which naturally prey on aphids.
Scale Insects
Scale insects are another type of pest that can attach themselves to the leaves of Tabernaemontana eglandulosa Stapf. They look like small, immobile bumps and can cause the leaves to turn yellow and wither. To control scale insects, you can wipe the leaves with a cloth soaked in alcohol or use insecticidal soap.
Root Rot
Root rot is a common disease that infects the roots of Tabernaemontana eglandulosa Stapf. It is caused by overwatering the plant or poor drainage. Symptoms include yellowing leaves, wilting, and stunted growth. To prevent root rot, ensure the soil is well-draining and avoid overwatering the plant.
By being proactive and taking necessary measures, you can control pests and diseases that might affect Tabernaemontana eglandulosa Stapf, ensuring it remains a healthy and vibrant tropical tree for years to come.
