Origin of Synsepalum subverticillatum
Synsepalum subverticillatum, also known as 'Sour-bush', is a plant species that belongs to the Sapotaceae family. This plant is native to Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda.
Common Names of Synsepalum subverticillatum
The Synsepalum subverticillatum is also known by other common names such as 'Kenya green apple', 'Kiswahili', 'Njonjo', and 'Mukaranga'.
Uses of Synsepalum subverticillatum
Synsepalum subverticillatum has several medicinal and culinary uses. In traditional practices in Africa, the plant is used to treat toothaches, stomach aches, and diarrhea. The leaves, roots, and bark of the plant have also been used to prepare herbal remedies for snakebites. In Kenya, the fruit of the plant is commonly consumed raw or used in the preparation of sauces and juices.
General Appearance of Synsepalum subverticillatum
Synsepalum subverticillatum is a small, evergreen tree that can grow up to eight meters tall. The tree has a rounded crown and a straight trunk with a diameter of up to 20 centimeters. The leaves are dark green and glossy, and the bark is grayish-brown. The tree produces small, white, sweet-scented flowers that are followed by green, round, and fleshy fruits that turn yellow or orange when ripe. The fruit has a sweet and tangy flavor and a texture similar to an apple.
Light requirements
Synsepalum subverticillatum typically grows well in partial to full shade. However, the plant can also tolerate some direct sunlight, particularly in the early morning or late afternoon. It is important to avoid exposing the plant to intense sunlight, which can lead to leaf burn and stunted growth.
Temperature requirements
The ideal temperature range for Synsepalum subverticillatum is between 18 to 29°C (64 to 85°F). Temperatures below 13°C (55°F) can be detrimental to the plant and may result in slowed growth or even death. It is essential to protect the plant from frost, which can be fatal.
Soil requirements
Synsepalum subverticillatum thrives in well-draining, acidic soils with a pH between 4.5 and 6.5. Soil that is too alkaline can lead to nutrient deficiencies and poor growth. The plant prefers soils rich in organic matter, such as compost or leaf mold. It is crucial to avoid soil that is compacted or waterlogged, which can lead to root rot and other diseases.
Cultivation methods for Synsepalum subverticillatum
Synsepalum subverticillatum, commonly known as the African cherry, is a tropical fruit-bearing plant that thrives in warm, humid climates. It can be grown in both pots and in the ground. When planting in pots, use a well-draining potting mix with a pH range of 5.5 to 6.5.
Choose a location that receives partial to full sun, and protect the plant from strong winds. Keep the plant in a warm environment with temperatures between 60-85 °F and high humidity.
Watering needs for Synsepalum subverticillatum
Water the plant regularly to keep the soil moist but not waterlogged. The frequency of watering depends on the climate and soil type. In general, water when the top inch of soil becomes dry. Avoid getting water on the leaves and stem of the plant to prevent fungal infections.
Fertilization of Synsepalum subverticillatum
Synsepalum subverticillatum requires regular fertilization to thrive. Use a balanced fertilizer with an N-P-K ratio of 10-10-10 every 3 months during the growing season. Slow-release fertilizers can also be used as it provides a steady supply of nutrients over time.
Pruning Synsepalum subverticillatum
Pruning the plant helps to keep it healthy and promotes new growth. Pruning should be done in late winter or early spring before the start of the growing season. Remove any dead or diseased branches and trim back any overgrown branches. Cut back the branches to a node or bud. The African cherry plant can also be trained to grow in a bush or a single-stemmed tree.
Propagation of Synsepalum subverticillatum (E.A.Bruce) T.D.Penn.
Synsepalum subverticillatum (E.A.Bruce) T.D.Penn., commonly known as the African cherry or "udara" in Nigeria, is a tropical evergreen tree native to West Africa. It is cultivated for its edible fruit, which is rich in nutrients and has a pleasant sweet taste. This plant can be propagated through several methods, including seed, stem cuttings, air layering, grafting, and tissue culture.
Seed propagation
The most common and easiest propagation method for Synsepalum subverticillatum is through seed. The seeds can be collected from mature fruits, washed, and sown into a well-draining soil mix. The seeds should be planted at a depth of 1-2 cm and kept moist until germination, which can take anywhere from 2-8 weeks. Once the seedlings are large enough, they can be transplanted into larger pots or directly into the garden.
Stem cuttings
Stem cuttings can also be used to propagate Synsepalum subverticillatum. Select healthy stems, cut them at an angle, and remove the leaves from the bottom half. Dip the cut end in rooting hormone and insert it into a well-draining soil mix. Keep the soil moist and warm, and the cutting should root in 3-4 weeks. Once rooted, the cutting can be transplanted into a larger pot or directly into the garden.
Air layering
Air layering is another method of propagation for Synsepalum subverticillatum. Select a healthy stem and make a small cut approximately 5-7cm below a node. Apply rooting hormone to the cut area and wrap it with damp sphagnum moss. Cover the moss with plastic wrap and secure it with a rubber band. Keep the moss moist and roots should form in 3-4 weeks. Once rooted, cut the stem below the rooted area and plant it into a pot or directly into the garden.
Grafting
Grafting is another way to propagate Synsepalum subverticillatum, although it requires more skill and experience. Scion wood from a healthy parent plant is grafted onto a more hardy rootstock. The two pieces are bound together and kept in a warm and moist environment until the graft has taken, typically in 3-4 weeks. Once the graft has taken, the plant can be transplanted into a larger pot or directly into the garden.
Tissue culture
Tissue culture is a more advanced method of propagation for Synsepalum subverticillatum and is most commonly used by commercial nurseries. Small pieces of the plant are cultured in a sterile environment with specific nutrients until they develop into plantlets, which can then be transplanted into pots or directly into the garden.
Disease and Pest Management for Synsepalum subverticillatum (E.A.Bruce) T.D.Penn.
Synsepalum subverticillatum (E.A.Bruce) T.D.Penn., commonly known as Net Leaf Tree or African Mangosteen, is a tropical tree found in West and Central Africa. As with any plant, it is important to manage and control any pests and diseases that may affect Synsepalum subverticillatum to promote healthy growth and prevent yield loss.
Common Diseases
One of the common diseases that may affect Synsepalum subverticillatum is Phytophthora root rot. Symptoms of this disease may include wilting, yellowing of leaves, and root rot. This disease can be handled by promoting well-drained soils and avoiding overwatering. Additionally, the use of fungicides may be necessary if the infection persists. It is important to ensure that the fungicide is labeled for use with Synsepalum subverticillatum and to follow the recommended application instructions.
Another disease that may affect Synsepalum subverticillatum is Black Spot disease, which is caused by the fungus Asperisporium caricae. Symptoms of this disease include black spots on leaves and premature leaf drop. Management of this disease involves maintaining good hygiene practices, which includes removing any fallen leaves and avoiding overhead irrigation. The use of fungicides may be required if the infection persists. However, it is recommended to contact a local extension agency or plant pathologist to identify the disease and recommend the appropriate fungicide for application.
Common Pests
The most commonly found insect pest that affects Synsepalum subverticillatum is the fruit fly. These pests lay their eggs on fruit and affect the fruit's integrity, which leads to yield loss. Management of these pests involves the removal of ripe fruit and the use of traps that attract and capture the fruit fly. Additionally, the use of insecticidal sprays may be necessary if the infestation becomes severe.
Another insect that affects Synsepalum subverticillatum is the mealybug, which attacks both the leaves and fruit. The mealybug feeds on the sap of the plant and can cause stunted growth and curled leaves. Management of these pests includes scouting for early detection, physical removal of the mealybug, and the use of insecticidal soap or horticultural oil.
Overall, the best management practice to prevent both diseases and pests in Synsepalum subverticillatum is good cultural practices, which include maintaining well-drained soils, avoiding water stress, and promoting good plant nutrition. If diseases or pests persist, it is advisable to contact a local extension agency or plant pathologist who can assist in identifying the pest or disease and recommending the appropriate control measures.
