Overview
Synsepalum kemoënse, also known as Dubard's Milkberry or Tchitola, is a tree species that belongs to the Sapotaceae family. It is a fruit-bearing plant that grows in the Central African rainforests and is mostly used for its edible fruits.
Appearance
The Synsepalum kemoënse tree grows up to 15 meters tall and has a trunk diameter of up to 60 centimeters. The leaves are simple, alternate, and elliptical, with a shiny dark green surface. The plant blooms small yellowish-white flowers, which develop into small, reddish-brown fruit up to 3cm in diameter. The fruits are spherical and have a milky, sweet taste similar to chocolate milk.
Origin and Distribution
The Synsepalum kemoënse tree is native to the Central African rainforests, specifically the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) and the Republic of Congo (ROC). It is commonly found in the provinces of Bas-Congo, Equateur, and Kasai in DRC and Sangha Region in ROC.
Common uses
The tree is primarily grown for its fruits, which are commonly eaten fresh or processed into juice, jam, or fermented beverages. The fruits are an important source of nutrients, vitamins, and antioxidants and have been traditionally used to treat stomach ache, fever, and diarrhea. The bark and roots of the tree are also used for their medicinal properties to cure various ailments, such as skin infections and venereal diseases.
Light Requirements
The Synsepalum kemoënse plant prefers moderate to bright light. It is recommended to place the plant in a bright, indirect light location. Direct sunlight should be avoided as it can burn the plant's leaves.
Temperature Requirements
The plant can tolerate a range of temperatures, with optimal growth occurring between 20 to 30? (68 to 86?). It is important to ensure that the plant is not exposed to temperatures below 10? (50?), as this can cause cold damage to the plant.
Soil Requirements
The Synsepalum kemoënse plant requires well-draining soil that is rich in organic matter. The soil pH should be slightly acidic, between 5.0 to 6.5. A recommended soil mixture is a combination of peat moss, perlite, and vermiculite in equal parts. It is important to allow the soil to dry out slightly between watering to prevent root rot.
Cultivation Methods for Synsepalum kemoënse (Dubard) Aubrév.
Synsepalum kemoënse (Dubard) Aubrév. is native to West Africa and its growth conditions are somewhat different from that of plants in other regions. The plant is best grown in an area with plenty of sunlight to ensure good growth. Provide the plant with well-drained soil, and it is advisable to keep the soil moist but not waterlogged.
When planting the Synsepalum kemoënse (Dubard) Aubrév. plant, it is advisable to use organic matter to improve the soil quality. Additionally, ensure you plant it at a depth of not less than 10 centimeters of soil.
Watering Needs for Synsepalum kemoënse (Dubard) Aubrév.
The plant requires regular watering to keep the soil moist. Water the plant when the soil feels dry but be careful not to overwater it as it can lead to root rot. It is recommended to water the plant in the morning or late afternoon to avoid evaporation due to high temperatures during the day.
Fertilization of Synsepalum kemoënse (Dubard) Aubrév.
Synsepalum kemoënse (Dubard) Aubrév. requires regular fertilization to enhance its growth. Use a balanced organic fertilizer rich in nitrogen, potassium, and phosphorus. Apply the fertilizer to the soil around the plant every three months, and avoid applying it directly to the plant's stem.
Pruning Synsepalum kemoënse (Dubard) Aubrév.
To promote bushier growth, it is advisable to prune the Synsepalum kemoënse (Dubard) Aubrév. plant regularly. Prune the plant after flowering to encourage more blooms. Also, prune out any dead or diseased branches, and avoid removing more than 1/3 of the plant at any given time.
Note: Before making any changes to the care of the Synsepalum kemoënse (Dubard) Aubrév. plant, consult with your local plant expert to ensure the best possible results.Propagation of Synsepalum kemoënse
Synsepalum kemoënse is a slow-growing tropical plant commonly propagated by seeds, cuttings, and grafting.
Seed propagation
The most common propagation method for Synsepalum kemoënse is by seeds. To propagate the plant using seeds, collect ripe fruits from the parent plant and remove the pulp covering them. Rinse the seeds with water and sow them in a mixture of sand and compost to enhance their germination process. Keep the soil moist by watering regularly and place the container in a warm and shady environment. Germination will take place after 2-3 months, and the seedlings should be transplanted into larger containers after six months.
Cutting propagation
A second method of propagation is through cuttings. To propagate using this method, take stem cuttings from the parent plant, preferably from a healthy branch. Cut the stem into lengths of 15-20 cm, and remove the leaves from the lower part of the cutting and dip them into a rooting hormone. Plant the cutting into a container of well-draining soil and then water it thoroughly. Cover the container with a plastic bag to retain the humidity, and place it in a warm, shaded area. Roots should start developing within two to three weeks, and the cutting can be transplanted into a larger container or directly into the ground.
Grafting propagation
Grafting is a third propagation method used for Synsepalum kemoënse. It is a complex process that involves joining two plants from different species to form one plant. Grafting is best done during the growing season, and the stock plant is usually chosen for its ability to grow quickly and be highly disease-resistant. The scion, taken from the desired plant, is then attached to the stock plant and allowed to grow until it forms strong roots. Once the graft has taken, the new plant should be transplanted into the ground or a larger container.
Regardless of the chosen propagation method, it's essential to provide the appropriate conditions for the young plant to grow healthily. Additionally, it's vital to maintain a consistent watering schedule, provide adequate fertilizer, and keep the plant away from extreme temperatures and pests.
Disease and Pest Management for Synsepalum kemoënse Plant
Synsepalum kemoënse, also known as the Natal Plum, is a tropical plant species that requires proper care to prevent disease and pest infestation. Here are some common diseases and pests that might affect the plant and ways to manage them effectively.
Common Diseases
Anthracnose: This is a fungal disease that causes leaf spots and stem cankers on the plant. It is caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and can spread rapidly during wet conditions. To manage this disease, remove the affected plant parts and dispose of them properly. Use fungicides to control the spread of the disease.
Leaf Spot: This fungal disease causes small, dark spots on the plant leaves and can lead to defoliation if not controlled. It is caused by Cercospora spp. To manage this disease, remove the infected leaves and spray the plant with fungicides regularly.
Root Rot: Overwatering and poor drainage can cause root rot in Synsepalum kemoënse, which can lead to stunted growth and eventual death of the plant. To manage this disease, improve the drainage of the soil and avoid overwatering. Use fungicides to control the spread of the disease.
Common Pests
Spider Mites: These tiny pests are common in warm and dry conditions and can cause yellowing of leaves and leaf drop. They are usually found on the undersides of leaves. To manage spider mites, use insecticidal soap or neem oil to control their population.
Mealybugs: Mealybugs are soft-bodied insects that feed on plant sap and excrete honeydew on the plant, leading to sooty mold growth. They can be controlled by using insecticidal soap or neem oil. Prune and dispose of the affected plant parts to control the spread of the infestation.
Scale Insects: These insects suck the sap of the plant and can cause stunted growth and yellowing of leaves. They secrete a protective covering that protects them from insecticides. To manage scale insects, scrape off their protective covering or use horticultural oils or insecticidal soaps.
